Abstract: Methods for detecting the flight path of projectiles involve a sequence of N target detections that include detecting the measured velocities and azimuthal angle bearings of the projectile along the flight path of the projectile by Doppler radar at the times tn, wherein n=1 . . . N, and determining the flight path and the direction of motion of the projectile are from these measurements. The measurements are adapted in a first nonlinear parameter fit to an analytical relationship of the time curve of the radial velocity of the projectile while the projectile passes through the detection range of the radar and so that the absolute projectile velocity, minimum distance of the project flight path from the radar, time at which the projectile passes the point having the minimum distance, flight path direction in azimuth, and flight path direction in elevation can be estimated.

Abstract: Methods for detecting the flight path of projectiles involve a sequence of N target detections that include detecting the measured velocities and azimuthal angle bearings of the projectile along the flight path of the projectile by Doppler radar at the times tn, wherein n=1 . . . N, and determining the flight path and the direction of motion of the projectile are from these measurements. The measurements are adapted in a first nonlinear parameter fit to an analytical relationship of the time curve of the radial velocity of the projectile while the projectile passes through the detection range of the radar and so that the absolute projectile velocity, minimum distance of the project flight path from the radar, time at which the projectile passes the point having the minimum distance, flight path direction in azimuth, and flight path direction in elevation can be estimated.

Abstract: A method for the linearization of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar devices having non-linear, ramp-shaped, modulated transmitter frequency progression x(t). With this invention, a correction phase term for compensation of the phase error in the reception signal q(t) is calculated on the receiver side in this device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the polarization properties of light emitted, reflected or transmitted by a material using a laser scanning microscope with the tested material being illuminated point by point with a laser beam of known polarization state. According to the invention the light beam with a polarization state modified by the material or the light emitted by the material is being examined by measuring the intensity of two different polarization components of a selected light beam received from each point of said material essentially at the same time and assigning a signal obtained by processing the two intensity signals to a respective point of an image of said material.

Abstract: A method for the linearization of frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar devices having non-linear, ramp-shaped, modulated transmitter frequency progression x(t). With this invention, a correction phase term for compensation of the phase error in the reception signal q(t) is calculated on the receiver side in this device.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a microscope with multifunctional operator controls for operating a plurality of electrically controlled components such as objective turret, filter turret, diaphragms, focus, illumination devices, and so on. Since the number of microscope functions to be controlled far exceeds the number of operator controls which can be operated in an ergonomic manner, one of the available microscope functions can be selectively assigned to every operator control. Further, functions of externally connected devices such as image recording cameras or manipulators can also be assigned to the operator controls of the microscope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the polarization properties of light emitted, reflected or transmitted by a material using a laser scanning microscope with the tested material being illuminated point by point with a laser beam of known polarization state. According to the invention the light beam with a polarization state modified by the material or the light emitted by the material is being examined by measuring the intensity of two different polarization components of a selected light beam received from each point of said material essentially at the same time and assigning a signal obtained by processing the two intensity signals to a respective point of an image of said material.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to generate a timely triggering signal for an effective unfolding of an airbag and, at the same time, to take the relative velocity of the collision opponent into account as a triggering criterion. To this end, the invention provides that two interspaced sensors, which emit millimeter waves, are integrated in each vehicle body door. The measuring signals of said sensors are generated by means of a multi-frequency modulation method. The invention also provides that during a signal processing operation using radar technology, the obtained measuring signals are turned into velocity values (Vn) and distance values (R) according to individual echo centers of the collision object. In addition, the transversal velocity (Vq) with regard to the door surface is detected from said values in a series-connected situation analysis module. A classification of the collision object results from the measured values and a criterion is obtained from a subtraction of both sensor measurement outcomes.