Abstract: A method is provided for producing primarily para alkyl aromatic amines by alkylating a primary aromatic amine with an olefin in the presence of an acid activated clay.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing primarily para alkyl aromatic amines by alkylating a primary aromatic amine with an olefin in the presence of an acid activated clay.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making trialkyl acetic acid (“neo acid”) esters and a neo acid ester composition. Neo acid esters are made by contacting a neo acid stream, comprising a mixture of neo acids, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The invention has the benefit of providing a desired neo acid ester composition, while eliminating, or at least limiting, the need for separation and/or purification of the reactants prior to the synthesis of the desired neo acid esters.

Abstract: An industrial formulation-fluid system comprising one or more organic volatile formulation-fluids including a fluid F being a compound containing either an oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing functional group and being substantially free from unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds or aromatic groups. Fluid F is selected from the group consisting of: carbonates, acetates, dioxalanes, pivalates, isobutyrates, pentanoates, propionates, hexanoates, nonanoates, nitriles and mixtures of any two or more thereof, such that fluid F exhibits a reduction in ozone formation in an amount of at least 10% less than that of the formulation-fluid system without fluid F. Also, fluid F has an ozone formation potential (OFP) (in accordance with the Absolute MIR scale in units of g. ozone/g. fluid F) of ≦1.5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making trialkyl acetic acid (“neo acid”) esters and a neo acid ester composition. Neo acid esters are made by contacting a neo acid stream, comprising a mixture of neo acids, with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The invention has the benefit of providing a desired neo acid ester composition, while eliminating, or at least limiting, the need for separation and/or purification of the reactants prior to the synthesis of the desired neo acid esters.

Abstract: A process for monitoring and controlling an aqueous system. At least one performance parameter relating to conditions within the aqueous system is selected. A value of the at least one performance parameter is measured to serve as a baseline value. A capacity of the aqueous system is determined and flow rates of water into and out of the system are measured and monitored. The value of the at least one performance parameter is measured and compared the value to the baseline for the performance parameter. Flow rates of water into and out of the system are factored in. At least one controllable variable within the aqueous system is altered based upon a deviation of the value of the at least one performance parameter from the baseline value.

Abstract: A process for monitoring and controlling an aqueous system. At least one performance parameter relating to conditions within the aqueous system is selected. A value of the at least one performance parameter is measured to serve as a baseline value. A capacity of the aqueous system is determined and flow rates of water into and out of the system are measured and monitored. The value of the at least one performance parameter is measured and compared the value to the baseline for the performance parameter. Flow rates of water into and out of the system are factored in. At least one controllable variable within the aqueous system is altered based upon a deviation of the value of the at least one performance parameter from the baseline value.

Abstract: Non liquid-crystalline esterphenol-capped liquid polymer and polyol compositions in combination with an amino crosslinking agent endow coating compositions containing them with the ability of providing films having superior properties. The esterphenol-capped polymers and polyols can be prepared by direct esterification of hydroxybenzoic acid without its decarboxylation.

Abstract: A process for making a catalyst product which comprises reacting dialkyltin oxide with an alcohol and the corresponding dialkyl carbonate at a temperature in the range between about 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range between about 75 to 600 psi (0.52 to 4.14 MPa), wherein the catalyst product comprises dialkyltin dialkoxide in the range between about 90 to 100 mole % based on the tin species of the catalyst product. This process also forms effective catalyst product when the methanol is replaced with either a primary or secondary alcohol.

Abstract: Non liquid-crystalline esterphenol-capped liquid polymer and polyol compositions in combination with an amino crosslinking agent endow coating compositions containing them with the ability of providing films having superior properties. The esterphenol-capped polymers and polyols can be prepared by direct esterification of hydroxybenzoic acid without its decarboxylation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a mixture of phenol terminated diesters and an amino crosslinking agent. The diesters are characterized by a structure consisting of ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, provided however that R contains at least about 8 carbon atoms when n is 0 and p is 0, R.sub.1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, R.sub.2 is a aliphatic, aromatic or a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, A is divalent aromatic radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene or bis phenylene, p is 0 or 1, n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 40, provided however, that p is 0 when n is 0 and p is 1 when n is an integer and ##STR2## wherein q is an integer ranging from 1 to about 40, n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 40 and A, R.sub.1 and R.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a process for preparing non-liquid crystalline phenol-terminated diester compositions characterized by the structure of formula 1: ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, provided however that R contains at least about 8 carbon atoms when n is 0 and p is 0, R.sub.1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, R.sub.2 is an aliphatic, aromatic or a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, A is divalent aromatic radical selected from the group consisting of phenylene, naphthylene or his phenylene, p is 0 or 1, n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to about 40, provided however, that p is 0 when n is 0 and p is 1 when n is an integer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dehydrochlorinating polyvinylchloride polymers to remove about 30 wt % chlorine therefrom by heating the starting materials PVC and deoxygenated liquid water, preferably neutral liquid water at temperatures from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure to maintain the water as a liquid phase. The process has utility in recycling by enabling PVC to be dechlorinated specifically by a means that does not release chlorine gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for depolymerizing polyacrylonitrile into water soluble by-products, including ammonia and lower molecular weight carbonaceous materials by contacting the starting materials, polyacrylonitrile, and neutral, hot liquid water at a temperature from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure. The present invention has utility as a means for degrading polyacrylonitrile without producing toxic hydrogen cyanide as a by-product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for depolymerizing and dehalogenating rubber materials by heating the rubber materials with neutral liquid water at temperatures from about 200.degree. C. up to the critical temperature of water at autogenous pressure. The process has utility in degrading rubber materials, and further does not release hydrogen halogen into a gas phase.

Abstract: Non liquid-crystalline esterphenol-capped liquid polymer and polyol compositions in combination with an amino crosslinking agent endow coating compositions containing them with the ability of providing films having superior properties. The esterphenol-capped polymers and polyols can be prepared by direct esterification of hydroxybenzoic acid without its decarboxylation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards non-liquid crystalline phenol-terminated diester compositions which may be liquids or solids and crosslinkable formulations containing a mixture of the phenol terminated diesters and an amino crosslinking agent. These diesters are characterized by the structure of formula 1: ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic divalent hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, provided however that R contains at least about 8 carbon atoms when n is 0 and p is 0, R.sub.1 is an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms or a mixture of such radicals, R.sub.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for treating spent sulfuric acid streams formed in the catalytic hydration of olefins to prepare alcohols, wherein the spent acid stream containing organo-sulfonic acid impurities is treated in an electrolysis zone under conditions sufficient to electrolytically oxidize at least a portion of said organo-sulfonic acid impurities to form partially oxidized organic compounds therefrom and thereby provide a treated sulfuric acid stream of increased thermal stability. The improved process permits continuous operation at levels of total organic carbon in the treated acid which would otherwise be unacceptable and minimizes the substantial operating problems associated with formation of heavy carbon deposits in the process equipment.