Abstract: A variable valve timing system in which the cam shaft is rotated with respect to the crankshaft position by moving a shaft disposed interior to the cam shaft longitudinally has been developed. The variable valve timing system provides for varying the timing of the opening and closing of an engine's poppet valves (relative to the crankshaft angular position) to enhance the engine's efficiency and output. The timing system can be used with both intake and exhaust valves in both diesel and gasoline engines. The timing system is inexpensive to produce, and performs reliably over a lengthy period of time.

Abstract: A lobe-less cam for use in a springless poppet valve system is disclosed including a cam shaft having at least one surrounding region, at least one asymmetrical cam groove formed in the at least one surrounding region, and wherein the at least one asymmetrical cam groove has a lift portion and a descent portion.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to splice a new roll of fabric or material to a roll of material being dissipated from a roll stand by supply to a material consuming machine. The invention includes a pivotally mounted vacuum device which supplies the end of the new material to a position from which it is mated with the end of the material being unwound and is adhered thereto to splice the two materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to continuously unwind fabric or material from a roll stand by splicing a new roll of material to a roll of material being unwound without interrupting the supply of material to a material consuming machine. The unwinding apparatus includes a mechanism to drop the shaft of the dissipated roll while the spliced new roll is supplied to the fabric consuming machine.

Abstract: An apparatus to splice a new roll of fabric or material to a roll of material being dissipated from a roll stand by supply to a material consuming machine. The invention includes a pivotally mounted vacuum device which supplies the end of the new material to a position from which it is mated with the end of the material being unwound and is adhered thereto to splice the two materials.

Abstract: A pneumatically actuated hole punch which employs a ball and die punching arrangement in which the ball is free floating and the punching impact is between the ball and the plunger rather than between the ball and the die. The plunger incorporates a concave surface to correctly position the ball relative to the die upon cutting of the desired opening.