Abstract: In an embodiment, a multi-carrier signal (e.g., an OFDM signal) is received over a channel. First indicators of interference and channel response at a carrier frequency of the signal are determined and compared. If the first indicator of the interference has a relationship to the first indicator of the channel response, then a data value transmitted at the carrier frequency is recovered from a data value received at the carrier frequency according to a first algorithm. If, however, the first indicator of the interference does not have a first relationship to the first indicator of the channel response, then second indicators of interference and the channel response at the carrier frequency are determined and compared. If the second indicator of the interference has a second relationship to the second indicator of the channel response, then the data value transmitted at the carrier frequency is recovered from the data value received at the carrier frequency according to a second algorithm.

Abstract: Collisions between tunneled direct link setup (“TDLS”) requests are resolved by associating each request with a priority value. Upon issuing a TDLS request the encapsulated frame is associated with a priority value. When a station, which is waiting for a response from a recently issued TDLS request, receives a TDLS request from another station, a collision occurs. The collision is resolved by comparing the priority value associated with the TDLS request initiated by the station and the TDLS request received. The TDLS request with the higher priority value is pursued while the TDLS request with the lower priority value is ignored. The priority value can be based on the sending station's MAC address or other value which can differentiate the TDLS requests.

Abstract: A protocol for collision avoidance in inter and intra basic service set broadcast/multicast communication in a wireless network is disclosed. An access point reserves a broadcast transmission time and conveys that reservation to each of its associated stations. Using a beacon or an action frame, the transmission reservation time is sent to all stations and other neighboring access points within range of the primary access point. Upon receiving the broadcast transmission time reservation, each station associated with the reserving access point and any neighboring access points set their network allocation vector thus preventing frame transmission or reception during the now reserved transmission time.

Abstract: A six field address scheme identifies both the originating point and the endpoint of a data frame enabling multiple hop forwarding though a plurality of intermediate mesh points in a wireless mesh network. Data frames originating or ending at a point outside of the wireless mesh network access the wireless network at a mesh access point using a legacy address scheme. The legacy address schemes are converted to a six address scheme using a proxy address table at the access point. Each mesh access point includes not only a routing table but a proxy address table as well as enabling the mesh access point, and/or mesh portal points, to convert address schemes having less than six address fields to the six field format. Subsequent to the conversion, mesh points within the wireless mesh network need only the routing table to facilitate the forwarding of the data frame.

Abstract: A six field address scheme identifies both the originating point and the endpoint of a data frame enabling multiple hop forwarding through a plurality of intermediate mesh points in a wireless mesh network. Data frames originating or ending at a point outside of the wireless mesh network access the wireless network at a mesh access point using a legacy address scheme. The legacy address schemes are converted to a six address scheme using a proxy address table at the access point. Each mesh access point includes not only a routing table but a proxy address table as well as enabling the mesh access point, and/or mesh portal points, to convert address schemes having less than six address fields to the six field format. Subsequent to the conversion, mesh points within the wireless mesh network need only the routing table to facilitate the forwarding of the data frame.

Abstract: Radio frequency (RF) architectures for spectrum access networks are provided. Embodiments of the invention generally provide a radio frequency (RF) architecture for customer premise equipment (CPE) for use in, for example, IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRANs). In some embodiments, the CPE RF architecture includes two receive chains with a directional antenna and an omni-directional antenna, respectively. The CPE RF architecture facilitates opportunistic out-of-band spectrum sensing and WRAN signal receiving that are performed in parallel with data transmission.

Abstract: A common control channel for base station (“BS”)/consumer premise equipment (“CPE”) communication in areas of overlapping coverage by wireless regional area network (“WRAN”) cells operating on different working channels is disclosed. A common control channel is selected from among the various working channels sensed in each of a plurality of overlapping WRAN cells so as to enable BS/CPE and BS/BS communication. Once chosen, each CPE within the overlapping area communicates with the controlling BS via an enhanced coexistence beacon protocol messages. These messages include timing and other synchronization information.

Abstract: Clean and reliable channel sensing during dynamic frequency hopping over a plurality of overlapping wireless regional area network (WRAN) cells is conducted using a minimum number of channels. By coordinating a phase-shift of the operation periods of each WRAN cell over a minimum number of working channels, interruption-free communication and data transmission for each of the WRAN cells as well as interference-free channel sensing can be achieved.

Abstract: Fair usage of working channels in a wireless network is disclosed. A base station associated with a cell within a wireless community monitors the congestion of the working channel of neighboring communities. Upon determining that the congestion of the working channel of a neighboring community is less than that of its existing working channel, the base station initiates a switch to the neighboring community's working channel. Upon joining the new community, the frame structure and other networking parameters and attributes are adjusted.

Abstract: A Dynamic Frequency Hopping Community (DFH Community) is formed from a plurality of Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) cells wherein each of the plurality of WRAN cells within the DFH Community is a one-hop neighbor of the leader cell. The leader cell sets and distributes a hopping pattern for use among the WRAN cells based on, in part, the number of usable channels and whether a WRAN cell is shared by two groups in the DFH Community.

Abstract: A first base station is associated with a first quiet period, and a second base station is associated with a second quiet period. The quiet periods are coordinated so that an amount of overlap between the quiet periods is acceptable. For example, the quiet periods could be coordinated so that no overlap exists between the quiet periods. During the first quiet period, the first base station and/or an associated device (such as a CPE served by the first base station) performs in-band sensing to detect wireless devices that use a first frequency or channel also used by the first base station. During the second quiet period, the first base station and/or a coordinate device (such as a CPE served by the first base station and assisting the second base station) performs out-band sensing to detect wireless devices that use a second frequency or channel also used by the second base station.

Abstract: This invention relates to cognitive radio based wireless communications of dynamic spectrum access networks, and more particularly to a method of addressing inter-systems (cells) coexistence and spectrum sharing. The described method of spectrum sharing mechanism, called On-Demand Spectrum Contention, integrates Dynamic Frequency Selection and Transmission Power Control with iterative on-demand spectrum contentions and provides fairness, adaptability, and efficiency of spectrum access for dynamic spectrum access systems using active inter-system coordination.

Abstract: A method for creating and maintaining semi-dynamic frequency hopping communities. Each community is a set of neighboring cells, such as wireless regional area networks (WRANs) according to IEEE 802.22, that follow a protocol defining coordinated frequency hopping operations, e.g., hopping is performed by community members according to a leader-defined hopping pattern rather than to channels selected in the prior operation period. Each community has one leader base station and one or more community member base stations. The leader determines membership, calculates hopping patterns for all members, and distributes the hopping information to the community members. Members provide their neighborhood and channel availability information, e.g., information about their sensing results and channel usage of neighboring WRANs.

Abstract: A system for assisting the scanning of a keyboard associated with a personal computer. The system comprises a logic circuit which interacts with the microcontroller and the keyboard to reduce power consumption by the personal computer as well as freeing the microcontroller to do other tasks. The logic circuit "interrupts" the microcontroller whenever keyboard activity is detected. An image RAM stores a pattern of current key closures to be compared in subsequent keyboard scans. A subsequent miscompare between the keyboard and the Image RAM indicates that keyboard activity has occurred. When no keys are pressed, scanning may be stopped. Any key closure will then generate an interrupt, and the microcontroller will restart scanning.