Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for using quasielastic light scattering to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and analyzing light scattered from the lens, it is possible, using the temporal autocorrelation function, to produce a signature of cataractogenesis, accounting for scattering due to immobile scatterers. The components of the cataractogenesis can also be detected by comparing the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis to frequency distribution of the components taken from populations or by detecting changes in the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis as a function of time.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for using quasielastic light scattering to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and analyzing light scattered from the lens, it is possible, using the temporal autocorrelation function, to produce a signature of cataractogenesis, accounting for scattering due to substantially immobile scatterers. The component of the temporal autocorrelation function representing the effect of the substantially immobile scatterers is expressed as a function of the measurement delay time. The components of the cataractogenesis can also be detected by comparing the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis to frequency distribution of the components taken from populations or by detecting changes in the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis as a function of time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting cataractogenesis is disclosed. Quasielastic light scattering data are collected from the lens of an individual to be tested for cataractogenesis. The data are collected from the lens and are processed by an autocorrelator. The data from the autocorrelator are then fit to an autocorrelation function having a component which has a second derivative less than or equal to zero. This autocorrelation function has been found to change predictably with the individual's age and, accordingly, is useful in detecting and determining the degree of cataractogenesis in the individual.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting cataractogenesis is disclosed. Quasielastic light scattering data are collected from the lens of an individual to be tested for cataractogenesis. The data are collected from specific and reproducible sites within the lens by means of measurements made using a reticle in the apparatus and processed by an autocorrelator. The data from the autocorrelator are then fit to a double exponential form of autocorrelation function and the resulting functional form is transformed to produce at least one dimensionless parameter F.sub.mos. This parameter has been found to change predictably with the individual's age and, accordingly, is useful in detecting and determining the degree of cataractogenesis in the individual.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical reagents for decreasing the phase separation temperature and inhibiting the formation of high molecular weight aggregates in eye lenses, thereby inhibiting or reversing cataract formation.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for using quasielastic light scattering to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and analyzing light scattered from the lens, it is possible, using the temporal autocorrelation function, to produce a signature of cataractogenesis, accounting for scattering due to immobile scatterers. The components of the cataractogenesis can also be detected by comparing the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis to frequency distribution of the components taken from populations or by detecting changes in the values of the components of the signature of cataractogenesis as a function of time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and pharmaceutical reagents for decreasing the phase separation temperature and inhibiting the formation of high molecular weight aggregates in eye lenses, thereby inhibiting or reversing cataract formation.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for using quasielastic light scattering to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and analyzing light scattered from the lens, it is possible, using the autocorrelation function or the power spectrum, to separate the fluctuations into two components: one caused by fast diffusing proteins and one caused by slow diffusing protein aggregates. This data may be applied to an experimentally determined and theoretically deduced universal curve in order to determine quantitatively the degree of cataractogenesis at that particular location in the lens.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and determining the intensity of light scattered from a measurement location in the lens and comparing this value to the intensity of light scattered by a normal, clear lens region or a calibrating element, it is possible to determine the degree of cataractogenesis at the specific measurement location. This data may be applied to an experimentally determined and theoretically deduced universal curve in order to determine quantitatively the degree of cataractogenesis at that particular location in the lens.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for using quasielastic light scattering to determine the degree of cataractogenesis of a lens in vivo. By collecting and analyzing light scattered from the lens, it is possible, using the autocorrelation function or the power spectrum, to separate the fluctuations into two components: one caused by fast diffusing proteins and one caused by slow diffusing protein aggregates. This data may be applied to an experimentally determined and theoretically deduced universal curve in order to determine quantitatively the degree of cataractogenesis at that particular location in the lens.

Abstract: Cataract in mammalian lenses can be prevented or reversed by applying a solution of an imidoester, a N-hydroxysuccinimide-ester or hydrogen peroxide to the lens under conditions that permit the solution to interact with the lens constituents.

Abstract: Cataract formation in mammalian lenses can be prevented or reversed by applying a solution of an aldehyde, an acrylamide or a glycol to the lens under conditions that permit the solution to interact with the lens constituents.

Abstract: Cataract formation in mammalian lenses can be prevented or reversed by applying a solution of an aldehyde, an acrylamide or a glycol to the lens under conditions that permit the solution to interact with the lens constituents.

Abstract: Cataract formation in mammalian lenses can be prevented or reversed by applying a solution of an aldehyde, an acrylamide or a glycol to the lens under conditions that permit the solution to interact with the lens constituents.

Abstract: A method and compositions are provided to effect optimization of methods for determining concentrations of antibodies or antigens. Particles coated with an antigen or an antibody are suspended in an aqueous medium where pH and ionic strength are controlled so that the coulomb effect and the van der Waals forces on and exerted by the particles are balanced.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for determining the concentration of any of a wide range of antigen or antibody molecules with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Antigen or antibody concentration is determined by effecting an agglutination reaction between carrier particles in a liquid medium, exposing the liquid medium to a beam of light, and measuring the ratio of the intensities of light scattered at two different angles as a function of antigen or antibody concentration. The unknown concentration of antibody or antigen is determined by comparison with similar measurements of the anisotropy ratio using known concentrations of the molecule being tested for. The agglutination reaction is performed using carrier particles coated with an agglutinant. The carrier particles should be fairly uniform in size and their diameter can be less than or comparable to the wavelength of light.

Abstract: A method and compositions are provided to effect optimization of methods for determining concentrations of antibodies or antigens. Particles coated with an antigen or an antibody are suspended in an aqueous medium where pH and ionic strength are controlled so that the coulomb effect and the van der Waals forces on and exerted by the particles are balanced.

Abstract: This inventin provides a means for determining the concentration of any of a wide range of antibody or antigen molecules with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Antigen or antibody concentration is determined by effecting an agglutination reaction in a liquid medium and determining the mean diffusion constant of the agglutinated reaction product by quasi-elastic light scattering spectroscopy. The measured mean diffusion constant then is compared with a standard quantitative relationship between mean diffusion constant and concentration of the antigen or antibody being tested. By this means one may specifically ascertain the absolute concentration of the antigen or antibody in question in the sample being analyzed. In addition to detecting antigen or antibody molecules, the process of this invention can be used to determine the concentration of any substance capable of specifically promoting or inhibiting an agglutination reaction such as viruses, white blood cells or the like.