Abstract: A method of providing boiler tubes with a variably ribbed interior surface. A suitably dimensioned spindle with a channel having a desired pattern on the exterior surface of the spindle is wrapped by a wire-like member in the channel so as to form thereon a reverse image of the desired, patterned tube ribbing. A brazing metal paste is applied on the exterior surface of the wire-like member and the spindle is inserted into a tube to be ribbed. The wire-like member is released from the spindle to allow the wire-like member to conform to the inner surface of the tube, and the tube is heated to the melting temperature of the brazing metal paste so that the wire-like member bonds to the inner surface of the tube, and the metal tube is then cooled.

Abstract: A method of providing boiler tubes with a variably ribbed interior surface. A suitably dimensioned spindle with a channel having a desired pattern on the exterior surface of the spindle is wrapped by a wire-like member in the channel so as to form thereon a reverse image of the desired, patterned tube ribbing. A brazing metal paste is applied on the exterior surface of the wire-like member and the spindle is inserted into a tube to be ribbed. The wire-like member is released from the spindle to allow the wire-like member to conform to the inner surface of the tube, and the tube is heated to the melting temperature of the brazing metal paste so that the wire-like member bonds to the inner surface of the tube, and the metal tube is then cooled.

Abstract: A low pressure drop inlet arrangement for an absorber having straight walls has a perforated tray positioned above the gas inlet opening between the walls of the absorber. A ring around the outer edge of the tray lacks perforations, or the perforations are covered. A drip ledge may be positioned on the bottom of the tray around the inner edge of the non-perforated ring. Baffles are positioned over the tray as well. The baffles may extend between the walls of the absorber, or they may only occupy the space over the perforations in the tray and the size of the tray perforations may be varied to control the overall pressure drop. An absorber made in accordance with the invention experiences a low pressure drop at the gas inlet opening.

Abstract: An apparatus for dispersing the relative flows of a separated two phase flow using a nozzle positioned immediately downstream from a bend in a pipe. The inlet of the nozzle is adjacent an external wall of the pipe and the outlet of the nozzle is substantially on a longitudinal axis of the pipe. The dense phase is collected and transported through the nozzle back into the center of the pipe for uniform mixing and dispersion.

Abstract: A vane assembly defining a flow passage for gas moving in a flow direction has at least one spin vane in the flow passage, positionable at an angle with respect to the flow direction. The vane is made of-sheet material and has a leading portion which is perforated. This reduces pressure drop across the vane while still maintaining spin of the gas.

Abstract: A wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbing tower has means therein for evenly distributing the flue gas flowing through the tower for more efficient treatment therein including a ring plenum for evenly exhausting the flue gas around the periphery of the tower through a series of differently sized openings and a centrally located annular opening for evenly exhausting the flue gas to the center of the tower.

Abstract: A cylindrical heat exchanger assembly has a plurality of spaced cylindrical heat exchangers having bulge formed circumferential passageways spiraling along the cylindrical surface of each to form a passageway for heat transfer fluid flow therethrough and for allowing a second fluid to sealably flow in the spaces therebetween to establish heat transfer between the two fluids thereby.

Abstract: A wet flue gas desulfurization scrubbing tower has means therein for evenly distributing the flue gas flowing through the tower for more efficient treatment therein including a ring plenum for evenly exhausting the flue gas around the periphery of the tower through a series of differently sized openings and a centrally located annular opening for evenly exhausting the flue gas to the center of the tower.

Abstract: An improved atomizer removes deposits from the end cap. The atomizer housing carries a flow of atomizing slurry. A spraying head is connected at one end of the housing and an end cap is connected to the spraying head. A plurality of exit orifices are provided in the end cap for discharging atomized slurry into a flue gas. A connecting ring is detachably engaged with the end cap and has a elastomeric diaphragm for covering an outer surface of the end cap. Energizing fluid is provided through the sprayer head and end cap for expanding the diaphragm away from the end cap surface for releasing particles which adhere to the diaphragm.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for spraying a liquid into a flue gas provides a boundary layer of gas along a perimeter of a dry scrubber housing to prevent deposition of wet material on the sidewalls thereof. The boundary layer of gas includes the use of heated air, particulate free flue gas, and/or dust laden flue gas. The system is operated at/or near the saturation temperature to further increase removal efficiencies and reagent utilization.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a studded flow channel (38) results in enhancing the heat transfer performance of a hydraulically expanded heat exchanger such as a coiled tube boiler (10). The studs are machined or rolled into a flat metal sheet (20) prior to forming a cylinder. One cylinder (28) is rolled so that the studs are located outside the cylinder while another embodiment positions the studs on the inside of a cylinder. The cylinders are positioned one inside the other and electron beam welded to form a helical weld path (16). A pressure fitting (34) is attached to the welded cylinder (36) and hydraulic pressure (P) is applied to deform the cylinders (28, 32) between the helical weld path thus creating a studded flow channel (38).

Abstract: An annular passage arrangement for a pulverizer includes vertically extending inner and outer passage walls which define a "boxed" annular passage. The annular passage space has an inlet for receiving flow from an air plenum and an outlet for vertically channeling the flow into a pulverizing zone. The annular passage is divided by vanes having a tapered end at the inlet end of the passage and an outlet end located at the passage outlet. The outlet end of each vane extends at an acute angle to the horizontal and the tapered end of each vane is vertically oriented within the annular passage. This vane orientation reduces pressure drop as the plenum air is fanned up into the pulverizing zone. Flow contouring plates below the passage inlet reduce flow disturbances and create a more uniform flow pattern up and into the passage inlet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a ribbed flow channel (38) results in enhancing the heat transfer performance of a hydraulically expanded heat exchanger such as a coiled tube boiler (10). The ribs are machined or rolled into a flat metal sheet (20) prior to forming a cylinder. One cylinder (28) is rolled so that the ribs are located inside the cylinder while the other cylinder (32) is rolled with the ribs located on the outside. Cylinder (32) is positioned inside cylinder (28) and electron beam welded to form a helical weld path (16). A pressure fitting (34) is attached to the welded cylinder (36) and hydraulic pressure (P) is applied to deform the cylinders (28, 32) between the helical weld path thus creating a ribbed flow channel (38).