Abstract: An optical wave guide. The guide includes a body with a cross section that defines a polygon, preferably a hexagon. The proximal end of the body optically couples to an optical source (e.g. an optical fiber or light source) with an initial distribution. The wave travels through the body to the distal end whereby the distribution becomes a top hat distribution. In another preferred embodiment a bundle of optical fibers is coupled to the distal end. Additionally, the guide may include a coupler to align the source and the bundle with the body. In yet another preferred embodiment, the length of the body is at least about 6 times the width of the cross section. In another preferred embodiment, a method of splitting a wave is provided. The method includes passing an electromagnetic wave through a wave guide with a hexagonal cross section.

Abstract: A right angle light diverter includes a hexagonal tube that is bent at a right angle that is coated with a highly reflective coating on the inside surface. An incoming light beam may be homogenized upon entering an input port of the hexagonal tube and may be evenly diverted at a right angle at a reflection section while the homogenized profile may be maintained. A right angle optical splitter may include at least one additional output section. An incoming light beam may be homogenized and may be split into at least two outgoing beams that may be diverted at right angles at reflection sections. The right angle light diverter and the right angle optical splitter may be suitable for, but not limited to, applications in aircraft industry, both military and commercial. They may be used, for example, in connection with airborne laser programs, in commercial airplanes, and in military jets.

Abstract: A light mixing apparatus and method for mixing two Gaussian profile input light beams of different frequencies to form a third, homogenized output light beam having a top hat profile. The apparatus includes a first homogenizer tube having interfaced to it a second homogenizer tube. The second homogenizer tube includes an outer tubular portion which receives inside of it a tubular subassembly having an optical element at one end. The optical element is positioned to reside within the first homogenizer tube at a 45° angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the first homogenizer tube. The optical element is transmissive on one surface and on the opposite surface includes a reflective surface for reflecting light traveling through the second homogenizer tube along the longitudinal axis of the first homogenizer tube. The apparatus forms a robust yet efficient means for mixing Gaussian profile light beams of different wavelengths to produce an output light beam having a top hat profile and a desired color.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a light mixing and homogenizing apparatus includes a first tubular member and a second tubular member. The first tubular member has a reflective interior surface, a polygonal cross section with a first maximum diameter, and a first number of sides. The first tubular member has a first end and a second end with the first end configured to receive a plurality of incoming light beams. The second tubular member has a reflective interior surface, a polygonal cross section with a second maximum diameter smaller than the first maximum diameter, and a second number of sides that is different from the first number of sides. The second tubular member has a first end disposed adjacent to a first tubular member second end. The second tubular member second end is configured to output a homogeneous light beam comprising a mixture of the plurality of incoming light beams.

Abstract: A dispensing container (1) for a liquid comprises: (i) a bottle (2) having a main chamber (5) for holding a first liquid (21) to be dispensed from the container and a secondary chamber (8) for holding a concentrate (22) of the first liquid, and (ii) a closure element (3) removably located on the mouth of the bottle. The secondary chamber (8) is associated with an outlet aperture through which the concentrate (22) may be transferred from the secondary chamber (8) into the main chamber (5). The container (1) is further provided with a plugging assembly (16) which plugs the outlet aperture when the closure element (3) is located on the mouth of the bottle and allows liquid (22) to be transferred from the secondary chamber (8) into the main chamber (5) when the closure element (3) is removed.

Abstract: A right angle light diverter includes a hexagonal tube that is bent at a right angle that is coated with a highly reflective coating on the inside surface. An incoming light beam may be homogenized upon entering an input port of the hexagonal tube and may be evenly diverted at a right angle at a reflection section while the homogenized profile may be maintained. A right angle optical splitter may include at least one additional output section. An incoming light beam may be homogenized and may be split into at least two outgoing beams that may be diverted at right angles at reflection sections. The right angle light diverter and the right angle optical splitter may be suitable for, but not limited to, applications in aircraft industry, both military and commercial. They may be used, for example, in connection with airborne laser programs, in commercial airplanes, and in military jets.

Abstract: An optical wave guide. The guide includes a body with a cross section that defines a polygon, preferably a hexagon. The proximal end of the body optically couples to an optical source (e.g. an optical fiber or light source) with an initial distribution. The wave travels through the body to the distal end whereby the distribution becomes a top hat distribution. In another preferred embodiment a bundle of optical fibers is coupled to the distal end. Additionally, the guide may include a coupler to align the source and the bundle with the body. In yet another preferred embodiment, the length of the body is at least about 6 times the width of the cross section. In another preferred embodiment, a method of splitting a wave is provided. The method includes passing an electromagnetic wave through a wave guide with a hexagonal cross section.

Abstract: A catalyst assembly for use in polysulfide generation in white liquor employed in a pulp or paper making process includes a substrate for supporting a catalytic material, at least the surface of which is formed of a corrosion resistant thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, and granular manganese dioxide particles partially embedded in the surface to be mechanically bonded thereto, a catalytically effect percentage of the surface area of the particles being exposed and free of the resin. Also disclosed is a reactor for utilizing such a catalysis assembly and a method of making the catalysis assembly.

Abstract: A light homogenizer having a hexagonal cross-section tube concentric about a longitudinal axis within an internal highly light reflective metallic surface and a first end of the tube for receiving a non-homogenous light from a light source and a second end of the tube for exiting of homogenized light. The tube preferably has an internal surface formed of a metallic layer of gold or silver and an external support member preferably formed of nickel or other equivalent material. A method is provided in which the hexagonal tube is formed on an aluminum mandrel which is then chemically dissolved to separate the mandrel from the internal highly light reflective metallic surface.

Abstract: A paper-roll core that is a soluble, disposable carrier for cleaning and/or disinfecting chemicals. The paper-roll cores are toilet paper roll cores and paper towel roll cores and are rapidly soluble in water and may release cleansers, disinfectants, colors, etc., upon dissolving. Described are: methods of using, manufacturing, advertising, and distributing the paper-roll cores; and methods of advertising and distributing such paper-roll cores to children, who will particularly enjoy the novelty; and methods of modifying existing paper-roll core manufacturing equipment to manufacture soluble cleanser-dispensing paper-roll cores.

Abstract: A dispensing container (1) for a liquid comprises: (i) a bottle (2) having a main chamber (5) for holding a first liquid (21) to be dispensed from the container and a secondary chamber (8) for holding a concentrate (22) of the first liquid, and (ii) a closure element (3) removably located on the mouth of the bottle. The secondary chamber (8) is associated with an outlet aperture through which the concentrate (22) may be transferred from the secondary chamber (8) into the main chamber (5). The container (1) is further provided with a plugging assembly (16) which plugs the outlet aperture when the closure element (3) is located on the mouth of the bottle and allows liquid (22) to be transferred from the secondary chamber (8) into the main chamber (5) when the closure element (3) is removed.

Abstract: A dispensing container, e.g. a trigger-spray bottle, for a liquid, e.g. a cleaning liquid which is an aqueous solution of a concentrate. The container comprises a bottle having a main chamber for holding the liquid to be dispensed and a secondary chamber of lesser volume than the main chamber for containing the concentrate. Liquid is dispensed from the main chamber by, for example, a trigger-spray unit. When the liquid in the main chamber is depleted, concentrate may be expressed from the secondary via a ducting arrangement into the main chamber of dilution and subsequent dispense.

Abstract: A gaging device will measure the widths between opposed seat faces in an orifice fitting. The orifice fitting has a body with flow passages for connecting into a pipeline. A seat slot locates in the flow passage. A carrier will move from an upper chamber in the body downward into the seat slot. When gaging, deformable plugs will be mounted to the carrier. The plugs have dimensions that are greater than the width of the slot. Each plug will deform as the carrier moves into the seat slot. When the carrier is removed from the seat slot, the plugs can be measured to determine the widths of the seat slot at various points.

Abstract: A decorative artificial aquarium with artificial fish therein moved in a circular path within the aquarium by a whirlpool pump which creates a circular current of water therein and which artificial aquarium includes a baffle to prevent the artificial fish from being sucked into the intake of the whirlpool pump.

Abstract: A variety of improved compression seals for rotary engines is disclosed. The rotary engine includes a housing having walls defining a combustion chamber, a rotor within the housing and having surfaces facing the housing walls, at least one compression seal having a side exposed to high pressure gases and carried by the rotor, the seal having a seal surface sealingly engaging and slidably contacting at least one of the housing walls. The improved seal is provided with a plurality of grooves each having a substantial dimension extending nonparallel to the direction of sliding contact of the seal surface with the wall it engages, with each groove terminating short of the side of the seal exposed to high pressure gases. The grooves assist in the building of a wear preventing oil film between the seal and the housing wall without establishing a leakage path for high pressure gases.