Abstract: This invention involves an interactive external defibrillation and drug injection system for use by a human operator for treating cardiac conditions in a patient, particularly in an out-of-hospital or pre-hospital environment. The present invention may also be used within hospitals as well as where intravenous (IV) access has not been established. More specifically, this invention comprises measuring devices capable of measuring and monitoring various physiological indicators in a patient and an expert system capable of analyzing the measured data and making recommendations to an operator for treatment of the patient using any combination of defibrillation, cardioversion, transcutaneous pacing, or vascular drug delivery via intraosseous drug injection. This invention is designed to enable first responders to cardiac emergencies to provide care up to the standard of at least the beginning stages of Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS).

Abstract: The invention provides a physiologically acceptable solution for treating circulatory shock in mammals which is hyperosmotic as compared to blood plasma. The solution contains a reabsorbable solute and sodium salt in a concentration having an osmolarity in excess of about 1000 mOsms. The physiologically acceptable solution can be easily administered by rapid infusion of 4-6 ml/kg body weight and results in rapid normalization of circulatory function.

Abstract: A device (10) for rapid vascular drug delivery, particularly through the adult sternum or the pediatric tibia, incorporates a cylindrical syringe body (12), fitted with a needle (14). The syringe body is held in a cylindrical main housing (16) having a front barrel (18) with an orifice (20) through which the needle (14) may be extended. A cylindrical actuation handle (22) fits over end (24) of the main housing (16) for sliding movement along the main housing. A syringe plunger (26) contacts drive plunger (28) and extends into the syringe body (12) from end (30) to confine liquid medication (32) in the syringe body (12). A main spring (34) extends between the drive plunger (28) and the actuation handle (22) to bias the actuation handle (22) in its extended position. A needle return spring (38) extends between the front barrel (18) and the syringe body (12) to bias the needle to its retracted position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hypertonic crystalloid resuscitation fluid particularly useful in treating circulatory shock arising from loss of blood. A pharmaceutical formulation prepared from sodium chloride in a range of about 2-7 osmolar parts and sodium acetate in a range of about 1-2 osmolar parts where the total osmolar concentration exceeds 500 mOsm can be used as a small volume rapid bolus resuscitation fluid which has little effect on plasma chloride levels. Blood flow is improved while arterial pressure is improved to the point of sustaining oxygen supply to tissues and organs in the recumbent recipient.

Abstract: A device (10) for rapid vascular drug delivery, particularly through the adult sternum or the pediatric tibia, incorporates a cylindrical syringe body (12), fitted with a needle (14). The syringe body is held in a cylindrical main housing (16) having a front barrel (18) with an orifice (20) through which the needle (14) may be extended. A cylindrical actuation handle (22) fits over end (24) of the main housing (16) for sliding movement along the main housing. A syringe plunger (26) contacts drive plunger (28) and extends into the syringe body (12) from end (30) to confine liquid medication (32) in the syringe body (12). A main spring (34) extends between the drive plunger (28) and the actuation handle (22) to bias the actuation handle (22) in its extended position. A needle return spring (38) extends between the front barrel (18) and the syringe body (12) to bias the needle to its retracted position.

Abstract: Apparatus and related method for infusing liquids and drugs into, or aspirating marrow from, the trabecula of a patient's bone. The apparatus enables the user to reliably determine when an enlarged, threaded tip of an infusion/aspiration tube has reached the trabecular bone, and a spring bias ensures that the tip seals the hole formed in cortical bone during the subsequent infusion or aspiration.

Abstract: A highly concentrated solution is provided which is both hyperosmotic and hyperoncotic with respect to blood plasma and has utility in treating patients experiencing or threatening to experience hypodynamic shock. The physiologically acceptable solution comprises a crystalloid to provide a osmolarity in excess of 5000 mOsms and a colloid to provide an oncocity in excess of 200 mm Hg. The solution is easily transported and administered by a single, rapid infusion of about less than about 1 ml/kg of body weight and results in a rapid and sustained normalization of circulatory function.

Abstract: A physiologically acceptable solution which is both hyperosmotic and hyperoncotic with respect to blood plasma and has utility in treating patients experiencing or threatening to experience hypodynamic shock. The physiologically acceptable solution comprises a hyperosmotic concentration of a crystalloid (in excess of about 1800 mOsms) and hyperoncotic concentration of a colloid (in excess of about 30 mm Hg). The physiologically acceptable solution is easily administered by single, rapid infusion of approximately 4 to 5 ml/kg of body weight and results in a rapid and sustained normalization of circulatory function.