Abstract: A spark ignition system and spark plug for utilization in an internal combustion engine combusting an ultra lean fuel/air mixture has capacitors and rectifiers built within the spark plug and the system is constructed to be compact and capable of delivering a controlled spark that has the physical properties of providing a very fast, high power pulse or train of pulses greater than conventional spark plugs.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, a contactless inductance switch is disclosed for use with a joystick. The switch is mechanically connected to a mass which is movable between a first and second position. When an operator presses the switch, the mass moves to the second position adjacent to an electrical circuitry. Sensing circuitry measures the change in inductance in the coil and produces a control signal indicating that the switch was pressed.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an apparatus for sensing a plurality of operating parameters of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. An energy source supplies electrical energy to the pistons, whereby each piston forms a variable capacitor with the engine housing. The capacitance value of each variable capacitor changes as a function of the relative position of the piston to the housing. An oscillator circuit produces a capacitive signal that is indicative of the capacitance value of each variable capacitor. A microprocessor receives the capacitive signal and responsively determines one of a plurality of operating parameters of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the spool position of a directional valve is disclosed. A longitudinal valve housing has opposed ends and a plurality of fluid ports, and a spool moves reciprocatingly within the valve housing. A first spring disposed adjacent an end of the spool extends and retracts with the reciprocating movement of the spool. A first oscillator circuit is coupled to the first spring and is adapted to produce a first position signal in response to the inductance of the first spring. Finally, a logic device determines the incremental linear position of the spool relative to the housing in response to the frequency of the first position signal.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for determining an extended length of a hydraulic cylinder is disclosed. A piston and rod are contained within a cylindrical housing of the hydraulic cylinder. A coil is wound about the rod and is attached to the piston and an end of the cylindrical housing. The coil extends and retracts with the reciprocating movement of the piston. An oscillator is coupled to the coil and produces a position signal in response to the inductance of the coil. A circuit receives the position signal, and determines the incremental linear position and velocity of the piston and rod relative to the housing in response to the frequency of the position signal.

Abstract: A non-contacting joystick includes a control shaft being universally movable about a Z-axis. A spherical conducting body is attached to an end of the control shaft. A plurality of conducting plates are disposed circumjacent to the spherical body. A charging power supply supplies electrical energy of a first polarity to the spherical body and electrical energy of a second polarity to the plurality of conducting plates. Each conducting plate forms a variable capacitor with the spherical body. The capacitance value of each variable capacitor is a function of the displacement of the spherical body relative to the Z-axis. A circuit produces a plurality of position signals, each position signal being responsive to a capacitance value of a respective variable capacitor. The position signals indicate the relative position of the spherical body.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the position of a movable object is disclosed. A pair of fixed elements having spaced electrically conductive surfaces form a capacitor. A movable element having an electrically nonconductive composition is connected to the movable object. The movable element is disposed between the fixed element pair. In response to the movement of the movable element, the capacitance value of the variable capacitor changes. A circuit detects the change in capacitance and determines the relative position of the movable object.

Abstract: An integrated Marx generator circuit is constructed in one assembly from a housing with two oil-filled cavities. First and second capacitors each include two sets of spaced apart capacitor plates. The first and second capacitors are formed in the separate cavities. The space between the capacitor plates are filled with oil and insulating material. A set of four spark gap switches control the charging and discharging of the generator circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for enhancing oil and/or gas production from a subterranean well by using high energy, short duration electrical pulses to fracture underground rock formations containing entrapped oil or gas. The invention obviates the large power requirements of the prior art devices by generating a series of constant pulses having different durations into the rock formation to determine its characteristic impedance. Once the characteristic impedance has been determined, a second pulse having an amplitude and duration matching this characteristic impedance is discharged into the rock formation to alter its dynamic characteristics. A third pulse is then discharged into the rock formation to cause its fracture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fragmenting a substance by discharging pulsed electrical energy through the substance is disclosed wherein electrodes are placed in contact with the substance and a series of measuring pulses are discharged into the substance to determine the characteristic pulse and the characteristic impedance of the substance. Based upon the series of measuring pulses at least one fragmenting pulse is discharged into the substance through the electrodes to cause the substance to fragment.