Abstract: A method for idling vehicle detection comprises shining a light source on an exterior surface of a vehicle with an illumination module, collecting light reflected from the exterior surface of the vehicle with a capture module, and processing the collected light reflected from the exterior surface of the vehicle surface with a processing module wherein the processing model determines if the vehicle's engine is running or if the vehicle's engine is not running.

Abstract: An embodiment generally relates to systems and methods for electronically auto-filing and retrieving erasable paper document documents configured for ultraviolet (UV) imaging. A device can automatically generate an electronic version of the erasable paper document and store the electronic version in a database. A user can search the database for the electronic version with identification information associated with the erasable paper document, upon which the systems and methods can retrieve the electronic version of the erasable paper document for the user. The electronic version of the erasable paper document can be re-rendered either as a new erasable paper document, for display to the user, or other renderings.

Abstract: A video-based vehicle headlight state monitoring method and system. A vehicle image can be captured by an image-capturing unit and converted to a grayscale image. The grayscale image can be processed to locate a front license plate and identify a position of a headlight region in front of the vehicle utilizing an algorithm. An average digital count with respect to brightness of the headlight region can be compared with average digital count with respect to brightness of several parts of the vehicle and a background region to determine the vehicle headlights ON/OFF status. The headlights can be considered ON if the digital count level of the headlight region is higher than the digital count of the several parts of the vehicle and the background region. A warning signal can be initiated to turn the headlights on during a special situation utilizing a signal generator.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for testing a motorized vehicle's exhaust emissions in a non-controlled emissions testing environment. In one embodiment, the present system comprises a toll collection structure having a sensor for obtaining information about a registered owner of a motor vehicle and about the motor vehicle itself, as the vehicle travels on a lane which passes through the structure. At least one emissions detector, which is fixed to the toll collection structure, performs an emissions test on the vehicle by analyzing an exhaust plume emitted by the vehicle. Speed/acceleration of the vehicle is also measured. In various embodiments hereof, the emissions detector comprises a combination of dispersive or non-dispersive infrared detector and a dispersive or non-dispersive ultraviolet detector. Emissions data collected is automatically compared to emissions standards and an authority is notified if that the vehicle does not meet those standards. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: An embodiment generally relates to systems and methods for electronically auto-filing and retrieving erasable paper document documents configured for ultraviolet (UV) imaging. A device can embed a machine readable code on an erasable paper document, or can detect a machine readable code preprinted on the document. An electronic version of the erasable paper document along with the machine readable code can be stored in a database. When the machine readable code is later detected on a rendered document, the electronic version corresponding to the machine readable code can be retrieved from storage. The erasable paper document can be re-rendered using the retrieved electronic version either as a new erasable paper document, for display to the user, or other renderings.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device includes a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, and an active layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The active layer comprises a polyarylamine biscarbonate ester of Formula (I): wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar4, R, m, y, and n are as described herein. The photovoltaic device can be fabricated in an ambient environment and does not need significant processing.

Abstract: A digital flexography system includes an imaging member with a charge generating layer formed from an array of addressable pixels and a charge transport layer thereon. Ink is delivered to the imaging member using a simple rough donor roll, rather than an anilox roll. Instead of controlling the amount of ink delivered using the anilox roll, the amount of ink is controlled by the pixels on the imaging member.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of handling substrate media in a marking device using toner. The apparatus including first and second rolls for handling the substrate media. The first roll applying pressure to the toner. After the application of pressure by the first roll, the toner remains partially unfused to the substrate media. The second roll subsequently engaging the pressed toner as the substrate media passes the second roll. The first roll and the second roll being disposed remotely from one another in a process handling direction of the substrate media. The method including the application of pressure to the unfused toner on the substrate media by a first roll. The method subsequently engages the pressed toner with a second roll for handling the substrate media.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for image-based determination of concentration of CO and CO2 in a vehicle's exhaust gas in an emissions testing environment. In one embodiment, the present method involves receiving an IR image of the exhaust plume of a motor vehicle intended to be tested for CO and CO2 concentrations. The IR image has been captured using a mid-wave infrared camera with at least one optical filter tuned to the infrared absorption band of CO and CO2. The images are pre-processed to isolate pixels which contain the exhaust plume. The intensity values of pixels in those isolated regions are normalized and concentrations of CO and CO2 are determined via a calibration curve which relates pixel intensities to concentrations. The concentrations are compared to an emissions standard set for the vehicle to determine whether the vehicle is a gross polluter.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for image-based determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in exhaled breath. In one embodiment, an image of the exhaled airstream of a subject of interest is received. The image is captured using a mid-wave infrared camera system having an optical filter tuned to the infrared absorption band of CO2. The image is preprocessed to isolate a region of pixels containing the exhaled airstream and intensity values of pixels in the identified region are normalized by a value of a known radiance such as that of the subject's nose or face. The image is analyzed to determine CO2 concentration levels of the exhaled airstream using a calibration curve which relates pixel intensity to CO2 concentrations. The calibration curve is derived using a physics-based parameterized model. The CO2 concentration levels are determined and communicated to a computer workstation. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus includes a fusing roll and a backing roll that define a nip at which toner applied to marking material is fixed to paper under high pressure. A surface of the fusing roll includes a semi-conductive metal-oxide surface. Grounded conductive guides are arranged at the entrance and at the exit of the nip defined by the fusing roll and the backing roll.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing a latent image includes a light source, a photodetector, a rotary contact, a power supply, driving electronics and a plurality of thin-film transistors. The light sources receives the digital data signals and transmits encoded optical data signals. The photodetector receives the encoded optical data signals and transmits signals including selection signals and digital pixel voltages. A rotary contact receives operating voltage potentials from a controller and the power supply receives the operating voltage potentials from the rotary contact. The power supply generates a low voltage potential, a ground potential and a high voltage potential. Driving electronics receive a low voltage potential, a ground potential, selection signals and digital pixel voltages and generate bias signals and pixel voltages. The plurality of TFTs receive the high voltage potential, the bias signals and the pixel voltages and drive the hole injection pixels to generate an electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: A toner composition includes toner particles including an average diameter ranging from about 3 ?m to about 10 ?m, an average particle density of about 1.4 g/cm3 or less, and for a given particle size configured to have a decreased mass and reduced particle momentum. The toner particle can include one of a solid core and a solid outer shell, a porous core and a porous outer shell, and a solid outer shell with a hollow core. The porous and solid cores can include a low density material.

Abstract: A video-based vehicle headlight state monitoring method and system. A vehicle image can be captured by an image-capturing unit and converted to a grayscale image. The grayscale image can be processed to locate a front license plate and identify a position of a headlight region in front of the vehicle utilizing an algorithm. An average digital count with respect to brightness of the headlight region can be compared with average digital count with respect to brightness of several parts of the vehicle and a background region to determine the vehicle headlights ON/OFF status. The headlights can be considered ON if the digital count level of the headlight region is higher than the digital count of the several parts of the vehicle and the background region. A warning signal can be initiated to turn the headlights on during a special situation utilizing a signal generator.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing a latent image includes a rotary contact, a power supply, driving electronics and a plurality of TFT transistors configured as a TFT backplane. The rotary contact receives serially transmitted digital data signals from a controller and generates selection signals and digital pixel voltages. The rotary contact receives operating voltage signals from the controller. The power supply receives the operating voltage signals from the rotary contact and generates a low voltage signal, a ground signal and a high voltage signal. The driving electronics receive the low voltage signal, the ground signal, selection signals and the digital pixel voltages, and generates bias signals and pixel voltages. The TFT backplane receives the high voltage signal, the bias signals and the pixel voltages, and then drives the hole injection pixels to generate an electrostatic latent image in response to the bias signals and pixel voltages.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system for non-contact, video-based determination of vehicle component failure due to overheating. In a manner more fully disclosed herein, at least one infrared camera is used to capture an infrared image of a component of a vehicle to be inspected for overheating. The images are processed to isolate that component. A temperature is estimated for the isolated component in the image using a camera calibration curve which relates pixel intensities to temperature. A temperature threshold for the isolated component is retrieved from a database based upon a classification of the vehicle. The estimated temperature is then compared to that component's temperature threshold. If the estimated temperature is above the retrieved threshold, a signal is initiated. The teachings hereof find their uses in a variety of remote and non-cooperative vehicle inspection modes in the field of transportation safety. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus includes a fusing roll and a backing roll that define a nip at which toner applied to marking material is fixed to paper under high pressure. A surface of the fusing roll includes a semi-conductive metal-oxide surface. Grounded conductive guides are arranged at the entrance and at the exit of the nip defined by the fusing roll and the backing roll.

Abstract: A method for idling vehicle detection comprises shining a light source on an exterior surface of a vehicle with an illumination module, collecting light reflected from the exterior surface of the vehicle with a capture module, and processing the collected light reflected from the exterior surface of the vehicle surface with a processing module wherein the processing model determines if the vehicle's engine is running or if the vehicle's engine is not running.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for testing a motorized vehicle's exhaust emissions in a non-controlled emissions testing environment. In one embodiment, the present system comprises a toll collection structure having a sensor for obtaining information about a registered owner of a motor vehicle and about the motor vehicle itself, as the vehicle travels on a lane which passes through the structure. At least one emissions detector, which is fixed to the toll collection structure, performs an emissions test on the vehicle by analyzing an exhaust plume emitted by the vehicle. Speed/acceleration of the vehicle is also measured. In various embodiments hereof, the emissions detector comprises a combination of dispersive or non-dispersive infrared detector and a dispersive or non-dispersive ultraviolet detector. Emissions data collected is automatically compared to emissions standards and an authority is notified if that the vehicle does not meet those standards. Various embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a system and method for image-based determination of concentration of CO and CO2 in a vehicle's exhaust gas in an emissions testing environment. In one embodiment, the present method involves receiving an IR image of the exhaust plume of a motor vehicle intended to be tested for CO and CO2 concentrations. The IR image has been captured using a mid-wave infrared camera with at least one optical filter tuned to the infrared absorption band of CO and CO2. The images are pre-processed to isolate pixels which contain the exhaust plume. The intensity values of pixels in those isolated regions are normalized and concentrations of CO and CO2 are determined via a calibration curve which relates pixel intensities to concentrations. The concentrations are compared to an emissions standard set for the vehicle to determine whether the vehicle is a gross polluter.