Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic cracking of gas oils with an additional nickel and vanadium metals-containing heavy feedstock. Included is regeneration of the catalyst by burning off coke.

Abstract: Heat balance in a residual oil conversion unit can be controlled as a function of Conradson carbon of the feed, water added to the feed, hydrogen in the coke produced, CO.sub.2 /CO ratio, etc. Preferably, riser outlet temperature can be controlled to less than about 538.degree. C. (1000.degree. F.) at CO.sub.2 /CO flue gas ratios of 3/1 or less. Especially preferred are operations in a two-stage regenerator with cracking catalyst comprising at least 5000 ppm of Ni+V and residual carbon on regenerated catalyst of at least 0.1 wt. %. The contact time in the second stage of the regenerator being less than about 1/2 of that employed in the first stage, and with oxygen-lean gas being employed in the first stage. The heat transferred by the catalyst to the residual oil feed is preferably limited to about 500 to 1200 btu per pound of oil feed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing 650.degree. F. material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by a level of heavy metal(s) of at least about 4.0 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents. The process includes contacting the feed with cracking catalyst bearing an accumulation of substantially more than 600 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents of heavy metal(s). The resultant stream flows through a progressive flow type reactor for a vapor residence time of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds at conditions sufficient for causing a conversion per pass of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts of at least about 6% by weight based on fresh feed and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts of at least about 0.3% by weight based on catalyst.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to liquid fuel products by bringing a converter feed containing 650.degree. F.+ material characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by containing at least about 4 ppm of Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals, including nickel, into contact with a particulate cracking catalyst in a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated conversion zone. The suspension of catalyst and feed in the reactor has a vapor residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, a temperature of about 900.degree. F. to about 1400.degree. F. and a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50 to about 90 percent while depositing nickel on the catalyst and coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.3 to about 3 percent by weight.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing high amounts of coke forming carbonaceous materials as characterized by a Conradson carbon value of more than 1 and containing a level of nickel and/or vanadium of greater than 5 ppm. The method includes contacting the feed with catalyst particles and liquid water containing hydrogen sulfide. At least a portion of the water may be recycled water from prior catalytic cracking of an oil feed containing sulfur.

Abstract: A process for the production of high octane gasoline and/or valuable lower molecular weight products from carbometallic oils comprising contacting hydrogen and a carbometallic feed in a progressive flow reaction zone with hot conversion catalysts capable of activating hydrogen. The hydrogen gas may be introduced into the feed prior to or simultaneous with contacting the feed with catalysts. Alternately, the hydrogen gas may be introduced to the catalysts prior to or simultaneously with its contact with the carbometallic feed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for cracking a carbo-metallic oil feed containing high amounts of coke forming carbonaceous materials as characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by a level of heavy metal(s) of at least about 5.5 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents. The method includes contacting the feed with cracking catalyst bearing an accumulation of at least about 3,000 ppm by weight of Nickel Equivalents of heavy metal(s) and with additional material including water. The resultant stream flows through a progressive flow type reactor for a vapor residence time of about 0.5 to about 6 seconds at conditions sufficient for causing a conversion per pass of about 60% to about 90%. The additional material is added in a weight ratio relative to feed of up to about 0.4 and includes water in a weight ratio relative to feed of at least about 0.04. The water may be introduced as steam and/or liquid water.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900 to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.3 to about 3% by weight.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F..sup.+ material, at least a portion of said 650.degree. F..sup.+ material containing components which will not boil before about 1025.degree. F., said 650.degree. F..sup.+ material further being characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises providing a cracking catalyst having an average pore volume of at least about 0.2 cc per gram and an average particle diameter in the range of about 20 microns to about 150 microns, flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with the cranking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products while adding magnesium chloride to modify heat output. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent deasphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process where the oil feed is mixed with naphtha and brought together with a high-metal content cracking catalyst.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to about 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils containing quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularyly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of high octane gasoline and/or other valuable lower molecular weight products from carbo-metallic oils. Examples include crude oil, topped crude, reduced crude, residua, the extract from solvent de-asphalting and other heavy hydrocarbon fractions. These carbo-metallic oils contain quantities of coke precursors and heavy metal catalyst poisons substantially in excess of what is normally considered acceptable for FCC processing (fluid catalytic cracking) and substantial amounts of sulfur, nitrogen, and other troublesome components may also be present. Such carbo-metallic oils are converted to the desired products in a catalytic conversion process. Named "RCC" (Reduced Crude Conversion) after a particularly common or useful carbo-metallic feed, the present process is by no means restricted to reduced crude or to oils of petroleum origin, having utility in the processing of oils from coal, shale and other sources.

Abstract: A degaser is disclosed for an outlet conduit into which solids are transferred from a fluidized bed within a larger vessel and comprises a curvilinear wall extending upward from the upper end of the outlet conduit and beveled at an angle to the vertical to form an outlet with a rim having a high side and a low side. The degaser is positioned with its high side far below the solids inlet into the vessel and its low side near the bottom of the fluidized bed. The biased rim may take various shapes and the degaser wall may extend only partially around the upper conduit end. Fluidizing gas can be introduced into the bed either above or below the low side of the degaser. The degaser may also include a baffle arranged within the vessel in cooperative relation to the rim.