Abstract: If developer within a xerographic developing apparatus becomes excessively charged, excessive toner is added to the apparatus because the excessively charged developer prevents a sensor from sensing the actual toner density within the apparatus. To overcome this problem, an element (contacted by the developer during movement of the latter within the apparatus) is connected to ground through a surge voltage protector. This prevents both the element and the developer from being excessively charged.

Abstract: A machine operable to twist the end portion of a cross wire around a longitudinal wire disposed at right angles to the cross wire, and then to twist the cross wire end portion about the standing portion of the cross wire, to form a "knot". The machine consists of a knotter die rotatable about the axis of the longitudinal wire to form the first twist, and to force the end portion of the cross wire operatively against an anvil configurated to form the second twist so that both twists are formed in a single operation, although the two twists lie in substantially right angled planes. This substantially doubles the speed at which the knots may be formed in automatic machinery. As optional equipment, other dies may be added for pressing the wire bend formed in the second twist, and the raw end of the cross wire, closely adjacent the longitudinal wire, so that the raw wire ends are shielded.

Abstract: A toner handling system having developing apparatus for developing a latent electrostatic image on a photoreceptor and a reclaiming system for reclaiming residual toner removed from the photoreceptor, has a novel reclaiming receptacle. The receptacle includes two openings, an unfiltered opening through which toner enters the receptacle during the reclaiming operation, and a filtered opening which is closed during this operation. When a predetermined amount of toner has been deposited in the receptacle, the latter is disconnected from the remainder of the reclaiming system, the unfiltered opening closed, and the filtered opening opened. The reclaimed toner is then poured through the filtered opening back into the developing apparatus, and the receptacles with any contaminant therein is discarded.