Abstract: A process of reforming an alkyleneamine feedstock or a mixture of such feedstocks to an alkyleneamine or a mixture of alkyleneamines which is different from the feedstock or feedstock mixture. The process is catalyzed by one of the following: Group VB metal oxides, Group VB metal phosphates, Group IIA metal silicates, and tungsten oxides. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobic acid or magnesium silicate to yield predominantly diethylenetriamine and non-cyclic triethylenetetramines; whereas high molecular weight polyethylenepolyamines are cracked by the same catalysts to mixtures of lower molecular weight linear and cyclic materials.

Abstract: A process of reforming an alkyleneamine feedstock or a mixture of such feedstocks to an alkyleneamine or a mixture of alkyleneamines which is different from the feedstock or feedstock mixture. The process is catalyzed by one of the following: Group VB metal oxides, Group VB metal phosphates, Group IIA metal silicates, and tungsten oxides. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobic acid or magnesium silicate to yield predominantly diethylenetriamine and non-cyclic triethylenetetramines; whereas high molecular weight polyethylenepolyamines are cracked by the same catalysts to mixtures of lower molecular weight linear and cyclic materials.

Abstract: A process for the production of dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate. In one aspect, the process involves contacting under reaction conditions an alkanol, such as methanol, with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the vapor phase and in the presence of a catalyst containing (1) a copper halide, a copper oxyhalide, or a copper carboxylate halide, (2) a quaternary ammonium salt, and (3) a support component. The catalyst achieves high selectivity and productivity to dialkyl carbonates. In a second aspect, the addition of a chlorocarbon catalyst regenerator to the alkanol feed increases catalyst stability and lifetime and increases the selectivity and/or productivity to dialkyl carbonates.

Abstract: A process of reforming an alkyleneamine feedstock or a mixture of such feedstocks to an alkyleneamine or a mixture of alkyleneamines which is different from the feedstock or feedstock mixture. The process is catalyzed by one of the following: Group VB metal oxides, Group VB metal phosphates, Group IIA metal silicates, and tungsten oxides. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobic acid or magnesium silicate to yield predominantly diethylenetriamine and non-cyclic triethylenetetramines; whereas high molecular weight polyethylenepolyamines are cracked by the same catalysts to mixtures of lower molecular weight linear and cyclic materials.

Abstract: A process of reforming cyclic alkyleneamines to amine-extended cyclic alkyleneamines involving contacting a cyclic alkyleneamine or mixture of cyclic alkyleneamines in the liquid phase with a catalyst under reaction conditions. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of (a) Group VB metal oxides, (b) Group VB metal phosphates, (c) silicates of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB and VB, and (d) specified tungsten oxides. For example, piperazine or a mixture of piperazine and aminoethylpiperazine is contacted with magnesium silicate to yield a mixture of amine-extended piperazines, including 1,2-bis(piperazinyl)-ethane and N,N'-bis(2-piperazinylethyl)piperazine.

Abstract: A process for reforming alkyleneamines to predominantly linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines comprising contacting an alkyleneamine or mixture thereof with a catalyst under conditions such that a mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines enriched in linearly-extended products is formed, said catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) Group VB metal oxides, (b) Group VB metal phosphates, (c) silicates of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, and the lanthanide and actinide metals, and (d) tungsten oxides, with the proviso that the silicates and tungsten oxides are essentially free of aluminum. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobium phosphate or niobic acid under reaction conditions to yield predominantly non-cyclic polyethylenepolyamines.

Abstract: A process of reforming an alkyleneamine feedstock or a mixture of such feedstocks to an alkyleneamine or a mixture of alkyleneamines which is different from the feedstock or feedstock mixture. The process is catalyzed by one of the following: Group VB metal oxides, Group VB metal phosphates, Group IIA metal silicates, and tungsten oxides. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobic acid or magnesium silicate to yield predominantly diethylenetriamine and non-cyclic triethylenetetramines; whereas high molecular weight polyethylenepolyamines are cracked by the same catalysts to mixtures of lower molecular weight linear and cyclic materials.

Abstract: Aromatic diamines, such as toluenediamine, are alkylated in the ortho position by heating the diamine in the presence of an aluminum alloy, aluminium chloride and, optionally, zinc, and then reacting with an alkene at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A process of preparing a mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines and alkanolpolyamines comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol with a primary or secondary aliphatic amine in the presence of a metal silicate catalyst wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Groups IIA, IIIB, and the lanthanide and actinide metals. For example, monoethanolamine reacts with diethylenetriamine in the presence of magnesium silicate to yield a mixture of higher molecular weight linear and branched polyethylenepolyamines and their corresponding alkanolpolyamines. These product mixtures are useful in the formation of specialty polyurethanes.

Abstract: A process for reforming alkyleneamines to predominantly linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines comprising contacting an alkyleneamine or mixture thereof with a catalyst under conditions such that a mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines enriched in linearly-extended products is formed, said catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) Group VB metal oxides, (b) Group VB metal phosphates, (c) silicates of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, and the lanthanide and actinide metals, and (d) tungsten oxdies, with the proviso that the silicates and tungsten oxides are essentially free of aluminum. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobium phosphate or niobic acid under reaction conditions to yield predominantly non-cyclic polyethylenepolyamines.

Abstract: A process of preparing linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines, such as linear and branched polyethylenepolyamines, comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol, such as monoethanolamine, with a reactant aliphatic amine, such as ethylenediamine, in the presence of a metal silicate catalyst wherein the metal is selected from Groups IIIB, IVB, VB and the lanthanide rare earth metals. Reactions of piperazines with alkanolamines to yield alcohol-extended and/or amine-extended piperazines are included in the process of this invention.

Abstract: A process for preparing linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines, such as linear and branched polyethylenepolyamines, comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol, such as monoethanolamine, with a reactant amine, such as ethylenediamine, in the presence of a catalyst containing tungsten oxide essentially free of the metals of Groups VIII, IB, and IIB of the Periodic Table. Included among the linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines are alcohol-extended piperazines, such as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine, and amine-extended piperazines, such as N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of predominantly non-cyclic polyalkylenepolyamines comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol with ammonia or a primary or secondary aliphatic amine in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of Group VB metal oxides, niobium phosphates, tantalum phosphates, and mixtures thereof. For example, monoethanolamine is aminated by ethylenediamine to predominantly linear and branched polyethylenepolyamines in the presence of a catalyst containing niobium oxide supported on boehmite alumina.

Abstract: A process for reforming alkyleneamines to predominantly linearly-extended polyalkylenepolyamines comprising contacting an alkyleneamine or mixture thereof with a catalyst under conditions such that a mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines enriched in linearly-extended products is formed, said catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) Group VB metal oxides, (b) Group VB metal phosphates, (c) silicates of Groups IIA, IIIB, IVB, VB, and the lanthanide and actinide metals, and (d) tungsten oxides, with the proviso that the silicates and tungsten oxides are essentially free of aluminum. For example, ethylenediamine is contacted with a catalyst of niobium phosphate or niobic acid under reaction conditions to yield predominantly non-cyclic polyethylenepolyamines.

Abstract: A process for preparing alcohol-extended and amine-extended piperazines comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol with a reactant amine, wherein at least one of the aliphatic alcohol or the reactant amine contains a piperazine moiety, in the presence of a catalyst containing a tungsten heteropoly acid. For example, monoethanolamine reacts with piperazine in the presence of a 12-tungstophosphoric acid catalyst to yield predominantly N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine, which is an amine-extended piperazine.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl-extended, alcohol-extended or amine-extended piperazines or mixtures thereof comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol with a reactant amine, wherein at least one of the aliphatic alcohol or the reactant amine contains a piperazine moiety, in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VB metal oxide or a Group VB metal phosphate, or mixtures thereof. For example, monoethanolamine reacts with piperazine in the presence of a catalyst of niobic acid supported on hydrated alumina to yield predominantly N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine. Also, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine reacts with piperazine in the presence of a catalyst of niobium phosphate to yield predominantly 1,2-bis(piperazinyl)-ethane.

Abstract: A solvent, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, is stabilized against corrosion by the addition of a non-volatile polyether or complex polyether having an average molecular weight of from about 550 to about 8500. A painting formulation is prepared using the stabilized solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl-extended, alcohol-extended or amine-extended piperazines or mixtures thereof comprising contacting a difunctional aliphatic alcohol with a reactant amine, wherein at least one of the aliphatic alcohol or the reactant amine contains a piperazine moiety, in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VB metal oxide or a Group VB metal phosphate, or mixtures thereof. For example, monoethanolamine reacts with piperazine in the presence of a catalyst of niobic acid supported on hydrated alumina to yield predominantly N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine. Also, N-hydroxyethylpiperazine reacts with piperazine in the presence of a catalyst of niobium phosphate to yield predominantly 1,2-bis(piperazinyl)ethane.

Abstract: A process for preparing amines comprising contacting an alcohol with a reactant amine in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising at least one compound containing an element of Group VIB and at least one non-metallic element of Groups IIIA, IVA, and VA of the Periodic Table, the contacting occurring under conditions such that the hydroxyl moiety of the alcohol is replaced by the reactant amine to form an amine product.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the preparation of a 2-phenylethyl alcohol which comprises contacting an aromatic aldehyde with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a solvent comprising an oxygenated polar hydrocarbon and water, in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising a cobalt compound, a ruthenium salt and an iodine salt, at elevated temperatures and a pressure of between 600 and 45,000 psi.