Abstract: A method for obtaining a concentrated alcohol solution from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The lignocellulosic feedstock is hydrolyzed to prepare a sugar solution. The sugar solution is fermented to produce a fermentation broth comprising alcohol and at least about 1 g ammonium ions/kg fermentation broth. The alcohol in the fermentation broth is then concentrated by distillation to produce an alcohol-enriched vapour. Either before distillation, during distillation or during the azeotrope breaking process, the concentration of ammonia in the alcohol-enriched vapour can be reduced by acid addition to at most about 300 ppm. The alcohol in the alcohol-rich vapour is then further concentrated by an azeotrope breaking process to provide the concentrated alcohol solution.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a concentrated alcohol solution from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The lignocellulosic feedstock is hydrolyzed to prepare a sugar solution. The sugar solution is fermented to produce a fermentation broth comprising alcohol and at least about 1 g ammonium ions/kg fermentation broth. The alcohol in the fermentation broth is then concentrated by distillation to produce an alcohol-enriched vapour. Either before distillation, during distillation or during the azeotrope breaking process, the concentration of ammonia in the alcohol-enriched vapour can be reduced by acid addition to at most about 300 ppm. The alcohol in the alcohol-rich vapour is then further concentrated by an azeotrope breaking process to provide the concentrated alcohol solution.

Abstract: A disposable gas system that includes: a reservoir including an opening and an orifice; a disposable gas container connected to the reservoir through the opening; and the orifice connected to an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A cuff link includes a magnetic arrangement for ready substitution of alternative decorative elements. One or more links of the cuff link comprises a frame member that is magnetically engageable to a removable element having a decorative exterior surface. The frame and the removable element include mating semi-cylindrical internal surfaces that receive disk-shaped pluralities of magnets. The disk-shaped magnets are arranged so that, when the frame is engaged to the replaceable element, they are aligned along a common axis whereby lines of magnetic flux are axially-directed therethrough to provide a strong bond. An edge of the removable element is bevelled to assist the wearer in ready substitution of replaceable elements.