Abstract: A disposable scope cleaning device and method of use are provided that allow obstructions on a distal viewing end of a medical scope encountered during an invasive medical procedure to be mechanically and fluidically removed in vivo. To achieve mechanical scrubbing and cleaning, the distal viewing end of the medical scope can be reciprocated or otherwise moved with respect to a cleaning member portion of the disposable scope cleaner. The disposable scope cleaner can include a system for flushing the distal end of the scope with an irrigation fluid. The disposable scope cleaner can be made from inexpensive, non-sterilizable materials, for example, non-autoclavable materials, so that the scope cleaner cannot be re-used and is therefore, disposable.

Abstract: An asynchronous switching apparatus is enabled to reshape data pulses and eliminate skewing problems as data is transmitted through the switch. The switching apparatus still functions asynchronously and maintains all the advantages of asynchronous operation, such as, not requiring the alignment and distribution of a central clock, having no central point failure mechanisms, and allowing each node of the parallel system to function free of synchronization requirements with other nodes.

Abstract: A computer system having a plurality of processors and memory including a plurality of scalable nodes having multiple like processor memory elements. Each of the processor memory elements has a plurality of communication paths for communication within a node to other like processor memory elements within the node. Each of the processor memory elements also has a communication path for communication external to the node to another like scalable node of the computer system.

Abstract: A computer system having a plurality of processors and memory including a plurality of scalable nodes having multiple like processor memory elements. Each of the processor memory elements has a plurality of communication paths for communication within a node to other like processor memory elements within the node. Each of the processor memory elements also has a communication path for communication external to the node to another like scalable node of the computer system.

Abstract: A computer system having a plurality of processors and memory including a plurality of scalable nodes having multiple like processor memory elements. Each of the processor memory elements has a plurality of communication paths for communication within a node to other like processor memory elements within the node. Each of the processor memory elements also has a communication path for communication external to the node to another like scalable node of the computer system.