Abstract: A self-regulating on-demand gas generator. Generation of gas produced from a reaction is selectively, variably, and spontaneously controlled. A variable volume liquid chamber in communication with the pressure pot allows the volume of liquid reactant in the pressure pot to be varied. The amount of product gas generated in the pressure pot depends on the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. The pressure of the product gas regulates the level of liquid in the pressure pot and thereby regulates the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. A sealed gas chamber sharing a flexible diaphragm with the liquid chamber controls the expandability of the liquid chamber. Manipulating the pressure in the sealed gas chamber or the volume of the liquid reactant affects the pressure at which contact by the reactants will be initiated or terminated and thereby provides the ability to control the reaction.

Abstract: A fuel for splitting water into hydrogen and an oxide component comprises a substantially solid pellet formed from a solid-like mixture of a solid-state source material capable of oxidizing in water to form hydrogen and a passivation surface layer of the oxide component, and a passivation preventing agent that is substantially inert to water in an effective amount to prevent passivation of the solid-state material during oxidation. The pellets may be introduced into water or other suitable oxidizer in a controlled rate to control the rate of reaction of the source material with the oxidizer, and thereby control the rate of formation of hydrogen. Methods are described for producing the solid-like mixture in varying weight percent of source material to passivation preventing agent.

Abstract: A self-regulating on-demand gas generator. Generation of gas produced from a reaction is selectively, variably, and spontaneously controlled. A variable volume liquid chamber in communication with the pressure pot allows the volume of liquid reactant in the pressure pot to be varied. The amount of product gas generated in the pressure pot depends on the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. The pressure of the product gas regulates the level of liquid in the pressure pot and thereby regulates the degree of contact between the solid-like reactant and the liquid reactant. A sealed gas chamber sharing a flexible diaphragm with the liquid chamber controls the expandability of the liquid chamber. Manipulating the pressure in the sealed gas chamber or the volume of the liquid reactant affects the pressure at which contact by the reactants will be initiated or terminated and thereby provides the ability to control the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerants generally, and more specifically to nonflammable, nonozone depleting, mixtures of refrigerants that may be substituted for HCFC-22, R-407C, R-417A, R-502, R-500, CFC-12, R-404A, HFC-134a, and others, and is usable in mineral oil systems. Among the most preferred embodiments of the present invention are mixtures that are substitutes for these refrigerants, comprising about 1 to 85 weight percent R-125, and about 1 to 80 weight percent R-134a, and about 0 to 12 weight percent of R-1270, R-290 or a mixture thereof, and about 1 to 15 weight percent R-E170 and about 0 to 20 weight percent R-227ea, with the weight percentages of the components being weight percentages of the overall mixture.

Abstract: A group of known refrigerants, (R-227ea, R-124, R-134a, R-143a, R-125, R-E125, R-E143a, R-E227ca2, R-254cb, R-600a, R-142b, R-22, R-290, R-E170, R-1270, R-1216, R-218, R-C318, R-C270), that may be combined in novel ways to produce several excellent “drop-in” substitutes for refrigerants R-12 or R-500. The performance of the preferred “drop-in” substitutes for R-12 or R-500 of the present invention often exceeds that of the refrigerant being replaced, while maintaining acceptable oil circulation with existing mineral oils used in R-12 or R-500 refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerants generally, and more specifically to nonflammable, nonozone depleting, mixtures of refrigerants that may be substituted for HCFC-22, R-407C, R-417A, R-502, R-500, CFC-12, R-404A, HFC-134a, and others, and is usable in mineral oil systems. Among the most preferred embodiments of the present invention are mixtures that are substitutes for these refrigerants, comprising about 1 to 85 weight percent R-125, and about 1 to 80 weight percent R-134a, and about 0 to 12 weight percent of R-1270, R-290 or a mixture thereof, and about 1 to 15 weight percent R-E170 and about 0 to 20 weight percent R-227ea, with the weight percentages of the components being weight percentages of the overall mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to refrigerants generally, and more specifically to nonflammable, nonozone depleting, mixtures of refrigerants that may be substituted for HCFC-22, R-407C, R-417A, R-502, R-500, CFC-12, R-404A, HFC-134a, and others, and is usable in mineral oil systems. Among the most preferred embodiments of the present invention are mixtures that are substitutes for these refrigerants, comprising about 1 to 85 weight percent R-125, and about 1 to 80 weight percent R-134a, and about 0 to 12 weight percent of R-1270, R-290 or a mixture thereof, and about 1 to 15 weight percent R-E170 and about 0 to 20 weight percent R-227ea, with the weight percentages of the components being weight percentages of the overall mixture.

Abstract: A group of known refrigerants, (R-227ea, R-124, R-134a, R-143a, R-125, R-E125, R-E143a, R-E227ca2, R-254cb, R-600a, R-142b, R-22, R-290, R-170, R-1270, R-1216, R-218, R-C318, R-C270), that may be combined in novel ways to produce several excellent “drop-in” substitutes for refrigerants R-12 or R-500. The performance of the preferred “drop-in” substitutes for R-12 or R-500 of the present invention often exceeds that of the refrigerant being replaced, while maintaining acceptable oil circulation with existing mineral oils used in R-12 or R-500 refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

Abstract: A method for producing refrigeration in a refrigeration system designed for R-134a including the step of drop-in substituting for the R-134a mixtures of R-152a, R-134a and R-125 to produce greatly improved performance in air conditioning systems designed to use only R-134a as the sole refrigerant fluid.

Abstract: A group of refrigerant fluids that may be combined in novel ways to produce several excellent "drop-in" substitutes for R-134a refrigerant. Performance is increased by constructing a zeotropic mixture of refrigerants, such that a single boiling point (of R-134a) is replaced by a "temperature glide" between the mixture's "bubble point" and "dew point". The temperature glide causes the phase change area in the condenser to be larger than with a single component refrigerant such as R-134a, thereby increasing heat rejection of the condenser, which lowers head pressures, and increases capacities and efficiencies compared to R-134a. Components are also selected to attempt to reduce the overall critical temperature of the mixture of refrigerants, also increasing performance and lowering head pressures under hot conditions with undersized condensers.

Abstract: A novel ternary mixture of refrigerants that can be drop-in substituted for dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), but that, unlike dichlorodifluoromethane, causes very little ozone damage, comprising approximately 2 to 20 % by weight isobutane (R-600a), approximately 41 to 71% by weight chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), and approximately 21 to 51 by weight chlorodifluoroethane (R-142b), with the weight percentages being of the overall mixture.

Abstract: A novel ternary mixture of refrigerants that can be drop-in substituted for dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12), but that, unlike dichlorodifluoromethane, causes very little ozone damage, comprising aproximately 2 to 20% by weight isobutane (R-600a), approximately 41 to 71% by weight chlorodifluoromethane (R-22), and aproximately 21 to 51% by weight chlorodifluoroethane (R-142b), with the weight percentages being of the overall mixture.