Abstract: A method of improving accessibility for the user operation of a first application on a computer includes the steps of taking one or more measurements of a current user's interaction with an application on the computer, comparing the one or more measurements with expectations derived from measurements from a first corpus of users, characterising one or more needs of the current user based upon the comparison, and modifying at least a first property of the first application responsive to the characterised need or needs.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include monitoring a shopping cart associated with an e-commerce website and with a user; in response to detecting a change to the shopping cart, testing codes with respect to a present content of the shopping cart to determine valid codes; selecting at least one of the valid codes; determining a status of the session; and performing an action based on the status and the at least one selected code. The testing the codes with respect to the present content of the shopping cart may include: cloning the shopping cart to form a cloned shopping cart in a shadow session; and/or obtaining the codes; and testing the codes on the cloned shopping cart in the shadow session to determine the valid codes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for automatically testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include: monitoring a browsing session of a user on an e-commerce website; determining whether a trigger condition is present based on the monitoring; when the determining determines the trigger condition is present, automatically performing a code test process for a first set of codes to obtain a first test result, the first set of codes being one or more codes among a plurality of codes for the e-commerce website; and upon completion of the code test process for the first set of codes, displaying a first menu, the first menu including information corresponding to the first test result.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for automatically testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include: monitoring a browsing session of a user on an e-commerce website; determining whether a trigger condition is present based on the monitoring; when the determining determines the trigger condition is present, automatically performing a code test process for a first set of codes to obtain a first test result, the first set of codes being one or more codes among a plurality of codes for the e-commerce website; and upon completion of the code test process for the first set of codes, displaying a first menu, the first menu including information corresponding to the first test result.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include monitoring a shopping cart associated with an e-commerce website and with a user; in response to detecting a change to the shopping cart, testing codes with respect to a present content of the shopping cart to determine valid codes; selecting at least one of the valid codes; determining a status of the session; and performing an action based on the status and the at least one selected code. The testing the codes with respect to the present content of the shopping cart may include: cloning the shopping cart to form a cloned shopping cart in a shadow session; and/or obtaining the codes; and testing the codes on the cloned shopping cart in the shadow session to determine the valid codes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include monitoring a shopping cart associated with an e-commerce website and with a user; in response to detecting a change to the shopping cart, testing codes with respect to a present content of the shopping cart to determine valid codes; selecting at least one of the valid codes; determining a status of the session; and performing an action based on the status and the at least one selected code. The testing the codes with respect to the present content of the shopping cart may include: cloning the shopping cart to form a cloned shopping cart in a shadow session; and/or obtaining the codes; and testing the codes on the cloned shopping cart in the shadow session to determine the valid codes.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for automatically testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include: monitoring a browsing session of a user on an e-commerce website; determining whether a trigger condition is present based on the monitoring; when the determining determines the trigger condition is present, automatically performing a code test process for a first set of codes to obtain a first test result, the first set of codes being one or more codes among a plurality of codes for the e-commerce website; and upon completion of the code test process for the first set of codes, displaying a first menu, the first menu including information corresponding to the first test result.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for automatically testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include: monitoring a browsing session of a user on an e-commerce website; determining whether a trigger condition is present based on the monitoring; when the determining determines the trigger condition is present, automatically performing a code test process for a first set of codes to obtain a first test result, the first set of codes being one or more codes among a plurality of codes for the e-commerce website; and upon completion of the code test process for the first set of codes, displaying a first menu, the first menu including information corresponding to the first test result.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for testing and applying codes to electronic shopping carts. For instance, the method may include monitoring a shopping cart associated with an e-commerce website and with a user; in response to detecting a change to the shopping cart, testing codes with respect to a present content of the shopping cart to determine valid codes; selecting at least one of the valid codes; determining a status of the session; and performing an action based on the status and the at least one selected code. The testing the codes with respect to the present content of the shopping cart may include: cloning the shopping cart to form a cloned shopping cart in a shadow session; and/or obtaining the codes; and testing the codes on the cloned shopping cart in the shadow session to determine the valid codes.

Abstract: A retro-reflective sensor for sensing mechanical, chemical or temperature related information, is disclosed. The sensor is formed of an optical waveguide suitable for use in-situ in a high temperature environment having a Bragg grating written into a core region thereof with short-pulsed electromagnetic radiation, said optical waveguide having a glass transition temperature substantially higher than that of silica. Preferably the sensor is written into a length of sapphire fiber or within a zirconium waveguide. Preferably the pulse duration of the short pulsed electromagnetic radiation is less than 500 picoseconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical waveguide device for monitoring a characteristics of light, e.g. a wavelength. The device incorporates a waveguide, such as an optical fiber, with an embedded tilted Bragg grating operating in a regime of wavelength detuning. The grating is designed to disperse light azimuthally in two or more different directions about the fiber axis, said directions changing with wavelength. A photodetector array is provided for detecting the azimuthal distribution of light. A processor coupled to the photodetector array determines wavelength information from the detected azimuthal distribution of the out-coupled light.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical waveguide device for monitoring a characteristics of light, e.g. a wavelength. The device incorporates a waveguide, such as an optical fiber, with an embedded tilted Bragg grating operating in a regime of wavelength detuning. The grating is designed to disperse light azimuthally in two or more different directions about the fiber axis, said directions changing with wavelength. A photodetector array is provided for detecting the azimuthal distribution of light. A processor coupled to the photodetector array determines wavelength information from the detected azimuthal distribution of the out-coupled light.

Abstract: A novel Bragg grating filter in optical waveguiding fiber with suppressed cladding mode coupling and method of producing same is disclosed. The novel grating structure is induced in both the core and the cladding of the optical fiber irrespective of the photosensitivity of the core or cladding to actinic radiation. Such core and cladding of the optical fiber need not be chemically doped to support the grating. The method incorporates an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned a specific distance to the target material such that the diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms a 2-beam interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.

Abstract: A retro-reflective sensor for sensing mechanical, chemical or temperature related information, is disclosed. The sensor is formed of an optical waveguide suitable for use in-situ in a high temperature environment having a Bragg grating written into a core region thereof with short-pulsed electromagnetic radiation, said optical waveguide having a glass transition temperature substantially higher than that of silica. Preferably the sensor is written into a length of sapphire fiber or within a zirconium waveguide. Preferably the pulse duration of the short pulsed electromagnetic radiation is less than 500 picoseconds.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for varying the index of refraction of a material using an interference pattern is disclosed. The method and apparatus incorporate an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned in close proximity to the target material. The diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms an interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.

Abstract: A retro-reflective sensor for sensing mechanical, chemical or temperature related information, is disclosed. The sensor is formed of an optical waveguide suitable for use in-situ in a high temperature environment having a Bragg grating written into a core region thereof with short-pulsed electromagnetic radiation, said optical waveguide having a glass transition temperature substantially higher than that of silica. Preferably the sensor is written into a length of sapphire fiber or within a zirconium waveguide. Preferably the pulse duration of the short pulsed electromagnetic radiation is less than 500 picoseconds.

Abstract: A shoulder strap retaining device configured to assist in retaining a shoulder strap or other similar device in a desired position upon a person. The retaining device is made up of a combination of a first magnet located within a padded container that is configured to be placed against a person's skin and a second magnet that is configured to be placed over an individual's clothing. The magnets mutually attract one another and hold a shoulder strap in a desired position upon a person's shoulder.

Abstract: A novel Bragg grating filter in optical waveguiding fiber with suppressed cladding mode coupling and method of producing same is disclosed. The novel grating structure is induced in both the core and the cladding of the optical fiber irrespective of the photosensitivity of the core or cladding to actinic radiation. Such core and cladding of the optical fiber need not be chemically doped to support the grating. The method incorporates an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned a specific distance to the target material such that the diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms a 2-beam interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.

Abstract: A novel method and apparatus for varying the index of refraction of a material using an interference pattern is disclosed. The method and apparatus incorporate an ultra short duration pulse laser source. Electromagnetic radiation provided from the laser propagates to a diffractive element positioned in close proximity to the target material. The diffracted electromagnetic radiation forms an interference pattern, the peaks of which are sufficiently intense to cause a change in index of refraction.

Abstract: An articulated body armor arrangement constructed of panels of multi-layered energy absorbent material such as KEVLAR attached to an outer shell fabricated to fit the upper body and a separate lower body unit. The panel which surrounds the torso is unitarily fabricated with an overlapping opening. Each panel protects a non-hinged body part. Adjacent panels abut at hinged body joints to allow freedom of movement of the user. The resulting seam may be further protected by the application of an external shield.