Abstract: A conductive apparatus, including a conductive first layer, a second adhesive layer and a third protective layer. Each of the layers includes a web joining two tabs at either, the first tab of the conductive first layer adapted to be attached to the inside of a shoe and the second tab adapted to be attached to the sole of the shoe thus exposing the protective layer. The protective layer includes at least one aperture in each tab to accommodate a micro metal component.

Abstract: A conductive apparatus, including: a first conductive portion for attaching to an inner portion of a footwear garment; a second conductive portion for attaching to an underside of the footwear garment; and a connecting portion that at least partly extends along an outside of the footwear garment, the connecting portion electrically connecting the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion; wherein the conductive apparatus is a flexible strap including: an adhesive layer; a first conductive layer; and a second conductive layer provided on at least the second conductive portion. The strap includes a top layer, wherein the top layer is formed from a material that accepts printing, and wherein the top layer is perforated to allow contact with the conductive portion beneath the top layer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described causing light to be emitted, causing a frequency at which the light is emitted to vary, receiving, based on the frequency variation, a user input, determining a critical flicker frequency (CFF) corresponding to the user input, and determining, based on the CFF, a disease state.

Abstract: A personal earthing strap comprising multiple layers with different characteristics to give the strap durability and high conductivity. The uppermost conductive layer sits under a perforated top layer which can be printed on whilst allowing contact with the conductive layer.