Abstract: A liquid vaporization system according to the present invention includes the application of energy, including pulsed electrical discharges, sparks or continuous arcs, to or within a spray comprising a liquid that may be combined with a flammable compound. The liquid is typically water or other aqueous composition o flowable solutions, and the flammable compound is typically, but not necessarily, a flammable gas. The spray generated by a nozzle typically comprises finite size droplets. The finite size droplets typically have a size distribution, and droplet size is generally expressed as drop diameter in units of 10?6 meters (?m).

Abstract: A liquid applicator (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 10E, 10F) having (i) a container in the form of a collapsible bladder (11, 11A, 11B, 11C) for containing a supply of liquid in use; (ii) a positive displacement pump (12, 12A) in flow communication with the container (11, 11A, 11B, 11C) which has a variable capacity chamber for delivering a metered or measured quantity of liquid; and (Hi) a contact device (20, 46A, 46A, 60) in flow communication with the positive displacement pump (12, 12A) wherein the metered or measured dosage of liquid is delivered to a plant or other substrate.

Abstract: A liquid applicator (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D) having (i) a container (ii) for containing a supply of liquid in use; a positive displacement pump (12) in fluid communication with the container (ii) which has a variable capacity chamber for delivering a metered or measured dosage of liquid; (iii) a support housing or tube (19) which Is in flow communication with the positive displacement pump (12) and a contact device (20, 46A, 60) located adjacent to the support housing or tube (19) which is in flow communication therewith wherein metered amount(s) of liquid are delivered to a plant or other substrate. In another variation the positive displacement pump (12) Is replaced by a pump such as a bellows type pump (68) which also functions as a container for the fluid.