Abstract: A cooling system includes one or more cooling panels for affecting a cooling load in an environment. The cooling system also includes a heat exchanger coupled to the one or more cooling panels. Each cooling panel includes a film, a panel body, an inlet port, an outlet port, and a fluid path. The film's radiative properties allow it to achieve a temperature less than an environment temperature. The heat exchanger includes ports that are coupled to the one or more cooling panels. Flow rates, flow paths, fluid temperatures, component temperatures, cooling rates, component operation, or other aspects of a cooling system are controlled. For example, the control system controls or monitors pumps, compressors, fans, valves, sensors, actuators, or a combination thereof. The cooling system may be applied to a data center to provide direct cooling to a server, replace a condenser, or add sub-cooling to a vapor compression system.