Abstract: The present application is directed to a polymer comprising a moiety of formula: wherein X, Y, i, j, s, and k are as described herein and salts thereof and to a process of preparing such a polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is toward a base oil or lubricant additives, methods of using the same, lubricant compositions including the same, and methods of forming the lubricant compositions. A base oil or lubricant additive has Structure I or Structure II as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention is toward a base oil or lubricant additives, methods of using the same, lubricant compositions including the same, and methods of forming the lubricant compositions. A base oil or lubricant additive has Structure I or Structure II as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention is toward a base oil or lubricant additives, methods of using the same, lubricant compositions including the same, and methods of forming the lubricant compositions. A base oil or lubricant additive has Structure I or Structure II as described herein.

Abstract: A heteroaryl-thio-substituted pyrone compound that is a heteroaryl-thio-substituted pyrone or a heteroaryl-thio-substituted coumarin. In various embodiments, the heteroaryl-thio-substituted pyrone compound or a reaction product thereof is a metal corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is toward a base oil or lubricant additives, methods of using the same, lubricant compositions including the same, and methods of forming the lubricant compositions. A base oil or lubricant additive has Structure I or Structure II as described herein.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for preparation of a compound of Formula (I) and Formula (IV): wherein is as described herein; and wherein and R are as described herein.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for preparation of a compound of Formula (I) and Formula (IV): wherein is as described herein; and wherein and R are as described herein.

Abstract: Described are novel derivatives of pogostone and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of Formula (I): where {circle around (P)} R, R1, R2, R3, and Z are as described herein and to a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I). This invention also relates to a process for the synthesis of a polymer which includes providing a monomer composition, providing a compound of Formula (I), and polymerizing monomers within the monomer composition through controlled free radical polymerization with the compound of Formula (I) to form the polymer.

Abstract: A method to prepare coumalic acid comprising (a) heating a solution in dichloroethane of malic acid and sulfuric acid or a solution in dichloroethane of malic acid and a perfluorosulfonic acid or (b) adding an acid comprising sulfuric acid or a perfluorosulfonic acid to a solution of malic acid in dichloroethane to yield a solution that is heated for a period of time so as to convert the malic acid into a major amount of coumalic acid and, optionally, a minor amount of fumaric acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to prevent or treat HIV-infection with synthetic tannins, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising synthetic tannins.

Abstract: A method to prepare coumalic acid comprising (a) heating a solution in dichloroethane of malic acid and sulfuric acid or a solution in dichloroethane of malic acid and a perfluorosulfonic acid or (b) adding an acid comprising sulfuric acid or a perfluorosulfonic acid to a solution of malic acid in dichloroethane to yield a solution that is heated for a period of time so as to convert the malic acid into a major amount of coumalic acid and, optionally, a minor amount of fumaric acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to prevent or treat HIV-infection with synthetic tannins, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising synthetic tannins.

Abstract: The invention provides a method to prevent or treat HIV-infection with synthetic tannins, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising synthetic tannins.

Abstract: A method of synthesis of para-substituted benzoate esters and acids is provided, wherein the para-substituted regioisomer is obtained substantially free of the meta-substituted impurity, the method comprising contacting a coumalate ester or acid and an unactivated alkene at elevated temperature in the presence of a metal oxidation catalyst and an oxidant. The metal oxidation catalyst can be palladium, such as palladium on carbon, and the oxidant can be the oxygen gas in ambient air. The reaction can be carried out without solvent or in high boiling hydrocarbon solvents such as mesitylene. When the unactivated alkene is a monosubstituted alkene, yields of at least about 50 or 60% of para-substituted ester and acid products, respectively, are obtained, substantially free of the regioisomeric meta-substituted impurity.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,4-biscarboxylic acid esters of benzene is provided.

Abstract: A method of synthesis of para-substituted benzoate esters and acids is provided, wherein the para-substituted regioisomer is obtained substantially free of the meta-substituted impurity, the method comprising contacting a coumalate ester or acid and an unactivated alkene at elevated temperature in the presence of a metal oxidation catalyst and an oxidant. The metal oxidation catalyst can be palladium, such as palladium on carbon, and the oxidant can be the oxygen gas in ambient air. The reaction can be carried out without solvent or in high boiling hydrocarbon solvents such as mesitylene. When the unactivated alkene is a monosubstituted alkene, yields of at least about 50 or 60% of para-substituted ester and acid products, respectively, are obtained, substantially free of the regioisomeric meta-substituted impurity.

Abstract: A method for preparing 1,4-biscarboxylic acid esters of benzene is provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to produce olefins by the decarboxylation of organic carboxylic acids in the presence of an organopalladium catalyst.