Abstract: Method for treating fibrous cellulosic materials using an aqueous cationic treating solution containing a cyclic polyhydroxy compound and choline chloride, by which dye uptake of the material, and the environmental effects of the subsequent dyeing process are improved.

Abstract: The application of a treating solution containing polyhydroxy compound and choline chloride to a fibrous cellulosic material is made more uniform and reproducible by including in the treating solution a colorizing amount of a fugitive tint, by which the uniformity of the application can be observed and corrected by appropriate changes to the operating variables.

Abstract: Addition interpolymers with pendant ionic moieties and pendant reactable silane moieties are prepared by addition polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers having ionic moieties with organofunctional silane compounds having ethylenic unsaturation in the organofunctional moiety of the silane where the silane also has reactable alkoxy and/or hydroxy group. The addition polymerization is performed in the presence of a free radical initiator at an elevated temperature up to around 90.degree. C. and in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. The amount of the ionic monomer is effective to result in the interpolymer having at least water dispersibility and most suitably water emulsifiability and the amount of the silane monomer is in the range of about 1 to about 15 weight percent of the interpolymer.

Abstract: Addition interpolymers with pendant ionic moieties and pendant reactable silane moieties are prepared by addition polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers having ionic moieties with organofunctional silane compounds having ethylenic unsaturation in the organofunctional moiety of the silane where the silane also has a reactable alkoxy and/or hydroxy groups. The addition polymerization is performed in the presence of a free radical initiator at an elevated temperature up to around 90.degree. C. and in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. The amount of the ionic monomer is effective to result in the interpolymer having at least water dispersibility and most suitably water emulsifiability and the amount of the silane monomer is in the range of about 1 to about 15 weight percent of the interpolymer.

Abstract: A bulking process for glass fiber strands is provided which allows for increased bulking speed while reducing any decrease in the tensile strength of the bulked glass fiber strand yarn. The process involves conveying treated glass fibers having one or more water soluble, emulsifiable or dispersible thermoplastic materials having a melting or softening point of greater than around 100.degree. F. (37.degree. C.), one or more cationic lubricants and water to a heater to melt or soften the thermoplastic material present on the fibers, bulking the heated glass fiber strand, removing the bulked glass fiber strand at a rate less than the rate of conveyance to bulking, and collecting the bulked glass fiber strand yarn. The treated strand being conveyed to the heater can already be dried or can be wet. After removal from bulking, the glass fiber strand can be treated with a chemical treatment to assist in retarding any additional decrease in tensile strength of the bulked glass fiber strand.

Abstract: Synthetic textile fibers are dyed in a waterless coloring composition composed of a high-boiling ester solvent and a dye that (a) is soluble to the extent of at least 1.5% in the solvent, (b) provides a depth of coloration, expressed as yield, of at least 25%, (c) imparts to the dyed fibers a lightfastness value of at least 3, and (d) provides the dyed fibers with a washfastness value of at least 3.

Abstract: Photodegradation and light-stabilizing amounts of a combination of an oxalanilide UV absorber and a hindered amine light stabilizer are applied to a dyed polyester fabric providing a lightfastness rating of at least 4 AATCC Gray Scale following 100 hours WeatherOmeter exposure. Fabrics so protected are useful for automotive fabrics and draperies.

Abstract: Polycarbonate articles, especially eyeglass and optical lenses, are dyed in a dye solvent having a boiling point of at least 350.degree. F. in which a dye is dissolved. The article to be dyed is retained in the solution maintained at 200.degree. F. or more until sufficient dye has penetrated the polycarbonate, then removed, rinsed and dried. The dyeing operation does not unduly detract from impact resistance and the dyed product exhibits excellent ultraviolet light stability.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous dyeing of textiles in which an aqueous solution of an ionic, water-soluble dye is applied to a fabric in open width. The textile is dried to reduce the water content to at most about 1% and it is then contacted with a nonionic, high-boiling organic liquid in which the ionic dye is substantially completely insoluble while the liquid is maintained at an elevated temperature, i.e., about 325.degree. F.-450.degree. F., for a period of time sufficient to cause the dye to diffuse into the fibers and to fix the ionic dye to the fibers of the textile. Any remainig high-boiling liquid is subsequently removed from the fabric.

Abstract: Warp sizing compositions are used to treat textile yarn to withstand the abrasive forces encountered by the warp yarn during weaving. A warp sizing composition having poly(vinyl alcohol); and a second film forming polymer, which is water soluble, dispersible or emulsifiable and having a Tg of less than 70.degree. C., and an average particle size of less than 5 microns, and being dispersible with poly(vinyl alcohol); and water results in treated yarn having good flexibility, and abrasion resistance strength. The more flexible treated warp yarn encounters less damage during the slashing operation to result in improved weaving performance.

Abstract: Glass fiber strand is prepared from a process so that the strand can be bulked at higher processing speeds. The process involves drawing the glass fibers from molten glass, applying an aqueous treating composition to the fibers, gathering the treated glass fibers into one or more strands and collecting the glass fiber strands onto one or more packages, drying the packages, rewinding the packages onto a second, more supportive package, steaming one or more of the second packages and drying the steamed packages so that the package has a moisture content of around 1 to about 25 weight percent. The aqueous treating composition used to treat the glass fibers in forming has one or more starches, an aqueous soluble, emulsifiable or dispersible wax wherein the amount of wax in the aqueous treating composition is less than the amount of starch, a cationic lubricant and water.

Abstract: Sized fiber glass fabric is cleaned and desized by contacting the sized fabric with an oxidizing agent under alkaline conditions followed by treatment with an organic solvent.

Abstract: Woven fiber glass fabric is simultaneously resin finished and dyed in a rapid process which impregnates the fabric with a liquid finishing media of low surface tension and high volatility containing dyes and dissolved resins in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent.

Abstract: Perphthalic acid solutions remove discoloration from heat-cured phosphonate-treated fabrics.