Abstract: A consulting system helps a user on collecting information, building object model, and creating virtual environment, produces animated images, captures feedback from the user, analyzes user's response, and provides advices in various formats. First, the system provides interfaces for guiding the user to collect, manipulate, organize, search, and retrieve advices and their related examples. Next, the system provides interfaces for the user to build object models, which consist of the general object model for describing regular objects and human object model for describing human characteristics and behaviors. Further, the system provides interfaces for the user to build virtual environment from object models and creates animated images according to the events described in the related examples, properties associated with objects, and event templates. Further, the system captures user's feedback, which can be verbal requirement, facial expression, and keyboard input.

Abstract: An animating system converts a text-based document into a sequence of animating pictures for helping a user to understand better and faster. First, the system provides interfaces for a user to build various object models, specify default rules for these object models, and construct the references for meanings and actions. Second, the system will analyze the document, extract desired information, identify various objects, and organize information. Then the system will create objects from corresponding object models and provide interfaces to modify default values and default rules and define specific values and specific rules. Further, the system will identify the meanings of words and phrases. Furthermore, the system will identify, interpolate, synchronize, and dispatch events. Finally, the system provides interface for the user to track events and particular objects.

Abstract: A dynamic matched filter bank consists of a plurality of matched filters with either the reference signal for each matched filter changes with the time or the input signal to a matched filter is the received signal modified by a different way for a different matched filter. A receiver employed a set of dynamic matched filter banks in a multi-channel spread spectrum communication system consists of a signal register, a block PN generator, a plurality of spreading sequence generators, a plurality of register arrays, a plurality of multiplier arrays, a plurality of matched filters, a plurality of signal combiners, and a controller. The block PN generator generates a section of PN sequence at the end of every symbol period with feedback logic to shift a block of chips each time. A register array captures each section of PN sequence from the block PN generator and delays it for a symbol period. The rest register arrays are in cascade and delay the section of sequence at each of their inputs by one symbol period.

Abstract: A receiver subsystem in a multi-channel direct sequence spread spectrum system consists of a signal register, a multipath detector, a multipath combiner, a decision-feedback equalizer, a multi-channel detector, and a multi-channel signal regenerator. First, the multipath detector finds out the information about various components of a multipath-fading signal. Then the multipath combiner combines the significant components from corresponding tapped outputs of the signal register together. Next the decision-feedback equalizer eliminates interference from the output signal of the multipath combiner. After receiving signal from the decision-feedback equalizer, a multi-channel detection circuit recovers the information and estimates the complex signal for each channel. The multi-channel signal regenerator resorts to these complex signals to generate the estimated transmission signal.

Abstract: A multi-channel spread spectrum communications system utilizes the combination of spreading codes to represent and transfer information. On the transmitter side, every block of data bits is divided into two sub-blocks of data bits. One sub-block is mapped to a number of spreading codes, while another sub-block is separated further into several smaller sub-blocks with each of them mapped into an M-ary phase. Each selected spreading code is modulated by the corresponding M-ary phase. On the receiver side, first determine the most likely transmitted spreading codes and their respective phases, then reverse map the set of estimated transmitted spreading codes into a block of bits and each of the phases into another block of data bits, and finally combine all these blocks to a single block of data bits.

Abstract: A multi-channel direct sequence spread-spectrum communication system with the capability of automatic rate detection consists of a plurality of signal channels and a plurality of data channels. During signaling period, only the signaling channels corresponding to the desired symbol repetition and the data channels corresponding to the highest index among the indexes of all active data channels will be allowed to transmit. During data transmission period, only the active data channels will be allowed to transmit. Receiver will use the information provided in preamble signal and mid-amble signal to obtain the number of symbol repetition, the set of active data channels and etc, and to set up initial synchronization.

Abstract: A receiver for detecting, tracking and combining multipath components spanned over several symbol periods employs signal register arrays, a reference signal generator, matched filters, a signal combiner, and a decision circuit. The signal register arrays cascade for capturing different sections of a received signal with each section corresponding to a symbol period. The reference signal generator produces blocks of a local reference signal with each block as the local reference signal of a corresponding matched filter, holds these blocks for a symbol period, and then generates next blocks with each block being the successive block of its previous block. Each matched filter finds the correlations between corresponding section of received signal and corresponding section of local reference signal. The signal combiner delays the outputs of different matched filters by different amount of time and then combines the delayed outputs together for the decision circuit to make decisions.

Abstract: A receiver for combining multipath significant components and correcting the frequency error and the phase error associated with each significant component consists of delay devices, path strength estimators, error signal generators, scaling signal updating devices, a decision circuit, and a controller. The controller extracts information about each significant component and generates initial scaling signals and other timing and control signals. Different significant components delayed by different amount of time through corresponding delay devices and multiplied by corresponding scaling signals from scaling signal updating devices, are added together for the decision circuit to make a decision.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for a general computing software system to extract, reconstruct, save, and retrieve the information presented by an information source by assigning explicitly or implicitly properties to formulas, figures, and their components and making mathematics formulas as the bridges between the mathematics formulas in a document and the mathematics formulas and library functions in databases.

Abstract: An automatic gain control circuit with a very wide operational range, less hardware, and faster response, and more flexibility includes a signal strength estimator, a gain adjusting factor device and a multiplier. After the signal strength estimator finds signal strength, the gain adjusting factor device will generate a gain adjusting factor corresponding to the signal strength. Then the multiplier will update gain by multiplying it the gain adjusting factor.

Abstract: A receiver in a communication system, for combining various significant components of a multipath fading signal and eliminating all other small components, consists of a signal generator, a plurality of delay devices, a plurality of decision feedback equalizers with embedded coherent signal combiners, a controller, a coherent signal combiner, and a decision circuit. The first decision feedback equalizer receives its inputs signals from a delay device and a signal generator, and each of the rest decision feedback equalizer receives its input signals from a corresponding delay device and the signal generator of its previous decision feedback equalizer. The coherent signal combiner, coupled to the output of the summation circuit of the last decision feedback equalizer, combines all the significant component signals together. The decision circuit makes a decision on transmitted symbol from the output signal of the coherent signal combiner.

Abstract: The study aid system provides various interfaces to help author to describe objects and to help reader to access related information systematically and dynamically. First, the system enables author to produce an overall writing guide, to specify the default aspects of each type of object, and to link different type of object to a different subroutine. Each subroutine provides necessary interfaces for author to supply related information to fill each default aspect of an object methodically. Further, the system lets reader to specify the default aspects of each type of object, to generate a customized study course, to control how information to be accessed, and to explore an object from one aspect by another. Furthermore, the system guides reader to survey a resource to produce an overall reading guide by providing recommendations, questions, and interfaces.

Abstract: A multipath RAKE receiver, for combining various significant component signals of a multipath fading signal and correcting the frequency error and the phase error associated with each significant component signal, consists of a multipath splitter, a plurality of delay devices, a plurality of complex multipliers, a plurality of path strength estimators, a plurality of error signal generators, a plurality of complex scaling signal updating devices, an adder, a decision circuit, and a controller. First, the controller extracts information about each significant component signal and generates initial complex scaling signals and other control and timing signals. Under the control of the controller, each delay device delays a corresponding significant component signal for a different amount of time so that all the delayed significant component signals can be aligned up.

Abstract: A receiver in a communication system, for combining various significant components of a multipath fading signal and eliminating all other small components, consists of a signal generator, a plurality of delay devices, a plurality of decision feedback equalizers with embedded coherent signal combiners, a controller, a coherent signal combiner, and a decision circuit. The first decision feedback equalizer receives its inputs signals from a delay device and a signal generator, and each of the rest decision feedback equalizer receives its input signals from a corresponding delay device and the signal generator of its previous decision feedback equalizer. The coherent signal combiner, coupled to the output of the summation circuit of the last decision feedback equalizer, combines all the significant component signals together. The decision circuit makes a decision on transmitted symbol from the output signal of the coherent signal combiner.

Abstract: A receiver employed in a communication system, for detecting, tracking and combining the various significant components of a multipath fading signal spanned over several symbol periods, consists of a plurality of signal register arrays, a block reference signal creator, a plurality of matched filters, a signal combiner, and a controller. The signal register arrays generates a plurality of moving sections of the received signal with one of the signal register array coupled to the received signal and each one of the rest signal register arrays coupled to its previous signal register array. At beginning of a communication section, the block reference signal creator generates a plurality of sections of a reference signal and holds these sections for a certain amount of time.

Abstract: A receiver subsystem in a multi-channel direct sequence spread spectrum system consists of a signal register, a multipath detector, a multipath combiner, a decision-feedback equalizer, a multi-channel detector, and a multi-channel signal regenerator. First, the multipath detector finds out the information about various components of a multipath-fading signal. Then the multipath combiner combines the significant components from corresponding tapped outputs of the signal register together. Next the decision-feedback equalizer eliminates interference from the output signal of the multipath combiner. After receiving signal from the decision-feedback equalizer, a multi-channel detection circuit recovers the information and estimates the complex signal for each channel. The multi-channel signal regenerator resorts to these complex signals to generate the estimated transmission signal.

Abstract: A dynamic matched filter bank consists of a plurality of matched filters with either the reference signal for each matched filter changes with the time or the input signal to a matched filter is the received signal modified by a different way for a different matched filter. A receiver employed a set of dynamic matched filter banks in a multi-channel spread spectrum communication system consists of a signal register, a block PN generator, a plurality of spreading sequence generators, a plurality of register arrays, a plurality of multiplier arrays, a plurality of matched filters, a plurality of signal combiners, and a controller. The block PN generator generates a section of PN sequence at the end of every symbol period with feedback logic to shift a block of chips each time. A register array captures each section of PN sequence from the block PN generator and delays it for a symbol period. The rest register arrays are in cascade and delay the section of sequence at each of their inputs by one symbol period.

Abstract: A multi-channel direct sequence spread-spectrum communication system with the capability of automatic rate detection consists of a plurality of signal channels and a plurality of data channels. During signaling period, only the signaling channels corresponding to the desired symbol repetition and the data channels corresponding to the highest index among the indexes of all active data channels will be allowed to transmit. During data transmission period, only the active data channels will be allowed to transmit. Receiver will use the information provided in preamble signal and mid-amble signal to obtain the number of symbol repetition, the set of active data channels and etc, and to set up initial synchronization.

Abstract: A multi-channel spread spectrum communications system utilizes the combination of spreading codes to represent and transfer information. On the transmitter side, every block of data bits is divided into two sub-blocks of data bits. One sub-block is mapped to a number of spreading codes, while another sub-block is separated further into several smaller sub-blocks with each of them mapped into an M-ary phase. Each selected spreading code is modulated by the corresponding M-ary phase. On the receiver side, first determine the most likely transmitted spreading codes and their respective phases, then reverse map the set of estimated transmitted spreading codes into a block of bits and each of the phases into another block of data bits, and finally combine all these blocks to a single block of data bits.

Abstract: An automatic security enhancement system can automatically increase the security of the system when necessary. The system has at least two different states with each state has different security level. The state with low security could be changed into a state with higher security automatically when the system detects someone try to break the system. The state with low security could also be instructed to change into a state with higher security. However, a state with higher security will be changed into a state with lower security only when the system is commanded to do so.