Abstract: Personal illicit drug detecting apparatus is disclosed which includes a substance chemically reactive to a suspected drug. The substance is provided in the form of a layer positioned on at least one finger of a user. The substance can be blended into finger nail polish and positioned on at least one nail by painting or positioned anywhere on a finger in the form of a decal. To test a suspected beverage the user inconspicuously moistens the substance on the finger or finger nail with liquid from a beverage and observes any change (e.g. color, image, etc.) of the layer on the finger nail or finger nail, wherein the change indicates the presence of the suspected drug in the beverage.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube sensor (30), for determining the degree of the presence of an unwanted environmental agent, includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes (18). The sensor (30) comprises first and second conducting layers (32, 34) having alternatively interdigitated fingers (36, 38). The plurality of carbon nanotubes (18) having a material characteristic are coupled between each of the interdigitated fingers (36, 38). Optionally, a gate may be used for biasing the device for specific sensor applications by adjusting the electrical resistance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and a protein or peptide target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: This invention relates to the improvement of arrays of porous polymer pads on solid supports used in biological assays. The invention involves freeze drying the porous polymer pads to increase pore size. The increased pore size results in an enhanced ability of the porous polymer pads to bind specific binding substances such as DNA, RNA and polypeptides.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel methods of amplifying and detecting DNA. More specifically, the invention applies variations of Rolling Circle Amplification to several detection platforms.

Abstract: This invention relates to the detection of molecular interactions between biological molecules. Specifically, the invention relates to electrical detection of interactions such as hybridization between nucleic acids or peptide antigen-antibody interaction using arrays of peptides or oligonucleotides. In particular, the invention relates to an apparatus and methods for detecting nucleic acid hybridization or peptide binding using electronic methods including AC impedance. In some embodiments, no electrochemical or other label moieties are used. In others, electrochemically active labels are used to detect reactions on hydrogel arrays, including genotyping reactions such as the single base extension reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for efficient, high-throughput electrical or electrochemical detection of biomolecules. More specifically, the invention provides an apparatus in which an independent set of electrodes is used to increase the occurrence of a desired bio-conjugation event at a test site.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for the electrical detection of molecular interactions between a probe molecule and target molecule, but without requiring the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and protein or peptide target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.peptide.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting single base extension to an oligonucleotide array using electrochemical labels.

Abstract: Among other things, the invention provides devices and methods for obtaining electric field-enhanced bioconjugation events. In particular, the invention provides for contactless electrodes for obtaining the electric field, such that transport and bioconjugation of charged molecules is obtained in the absence of current flow through the buffer, sample, and/or porous media.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and methods for detecting cation interactions associated with molecular interactions using AC impedance, but without the use of electrochemical or other reporters to obtain measurable signals. The methods can be used for electrical detection of molecular interactions between probe molecules bound to defined regions of an array and target molecules which are permitted to interact with the probe molecules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to characterize, optimize, and control the quality and production of hydrogel media. Additionally, the present invention provides a method for determining the size, size distribution, and spatial distribution of the pores of a porous substrate. More particularly, the invention provides a method for determining the size, size distribution, and spatial distribution of the pores of a polymeric hydrogel-based substrate.

Abstract: Among other things, the invention provides devices and methods for obtaining electric field-enhanced bioconjugation events. In particular, the invention provides for contactless electrodes for obtaining the electric field, such that transport and bioconjugation of charged molecules is obtained in the absence of current flow through the buffer, sample, and/or porous media.