Abstract: A method and system for email sender verification. A tag is included in an email that contains an identity datum for the sender that is associated with their email address in a server. The email is sent via a network, thus associating a sender address with the email. At least the identity datum, taken from the tag, is then provided to the server, to retrieve the email address. The email address and the sender address are then compared, verifying that the email came from the sender if these match.

Abstract: A bandwidth transfer switching system (100) connecting various customer devices (12a-g), including local area networks (44), from customer premises (42) through a local loop (50) to a telco central office (50), to deliver switched circuit traffic to central office switches (60) and data packet traffic to wide area networks (64), such as the Internet. Access concentrators (104, 140) are employed at the customer premises (42), remote concentrators (106, 140) and optional relay nodes (160, 140) are employed in the local loop (50), and transfer switches (108, 140) are employed in the central office (56). Copper wire lines (166) and fiber optic lines (168) are used to handle typical protocols such as POTS, E1/T1/xDSL, and SONET between the various transfer nodes (140).