Abstract: A demand side platform (DSP) performs lift analysis on one or more advertisements provided by an entity to determine how effective the one or more advertisements cause users to perform various actions. To reduce bias in the lift analysis, when the DSP identifies an opportunity to present an advertisement to a user, the DSP identifies candidate advertisements for presentation to the user and selects a candidate advertisement. If the candidate advertisement is undergoing lift analysis and the user is in a holdout group that is not presented with the candidate advertisement, the DSP selects an alternative advertisement and associates a bid amount for the selected advertisement with the alternative advertisement. If the alternative advertisement is presented to the user, the DSP may allocate an amount charged between an entity associated with the alternative advertisement and an entity associated with the selected advertisement.

Abstract: Different types of connections can be established between a device and an endpoint (e.g., an address associated with a service) based at least in part upon the recent connection history for that endpoint. A connection manager can monitor the connections, and properties of those connections, from a number of different applications of a device to one or more endpoints. If the information from the system as a whole indicates that properties for the connection should be modified, an appropriate can be established for that endpoint, which can be used by any or all of those applications. The connection can meet or exceed any policies for the request, as well as other requests that can utilize the connection. Various other factors can be used in determining which types of connections to provide, as may include existing connections, system load, user type, and other such information.

Abstract: A routing device can maintain a long-lived, bidirectional connection with a network server. The routing device can establish a TCP connection with each of multiple computing devices. One or more computing devices can make (e.g., HTTP) requests for network resources. The routing device can receive the requests and decide to direct the requests to the network server via the long-lived, bidirectional connection. Based on the requests, the network server can make requests to other servers for the resources and send modified (e.g., assembled, filtered, optimized, etc.) responses back to the routing device, which can transmit the responses to the computing devices. This process can be transparent to the computing devices. In some embodiments, the routing device can optionally establish a long-lived TCP connection with a computing device capable of the long-lived TCP connection option. The routing device can maintain the long-lived connection with the network server for the computing device.

Abstract: A report execution engine processes reports for evaluating advertising campaigns. The report execution engine maintains a plurality of generators, each generator including instructions to generate execution plans for one or more columns of a report. The report execution engine uses different generators for generating sub-plans for processing columns of the report. A generator generates a sub-plan for processing a column of the report and invokes other generators for generating sub-plans for remaining columns of the report. The generator receives a sub-plan for the remaining columns of the report from another generator and generates a combined execution plan based on the sub-plans. An execution plan comprises a hierarchical structure of nodes, each node representing a portion of computation of the report. The report execution engine generates the report based on the execution plan and sends the results for presentation.

Abstract: An online system maintains information describing user interactions with advertisements and other content. Additionally, the online system maintains various types of information identifying users and confidence values associated with each type of information identifying users that provide a measure of the likelihood of a type of information identifying a specific user. Example types of information identifying a user include an online system identifier, a client device identifier, and an application identifier. When the online system receives information indicating a user has performed a conversion, the online system retrieves interactions associated with at least one type of information identifying the user. An attribution model is applied to the retrieved interactions to determine contributions of various interactions to the conversion, accounting for the confidence values associated with types of information identifying the user associated with various interactions.

Abstract: An online system maintains information describing user interactions with advertisements and other content. Additionally, the online system maintains various types of information identifying users and confidence values associated with each type of information identifying users that provide a measure of the likelihood of a type of information identifying a specific user. Example types of information identifying a user include an online system identifier, a client device identifier, and an application identifier. When the online system receives information indicating a user has performed a conversion, the online system retrieves interactions associated with at least one type of information identifying the user. An attribution model is applied to the retrieved interactions to determine contributions of various interactions to the conversion, accounting for the confidence values associated with types of information identifying the user associated with various interactions.

Abstract: Approaches are described for automatically generating new security credentials, such as security tokens, which can involve automatically re-authenticating a user (or client device) using a previous security token issued to that user (or device). The re-authentication can happen without any knowledge and/or action on the part of the user. The re-authentication mechanism can invalidate and/or keep track of the previous security token, such that when a subsequent request is received that includes the previous security token, the new security token can be invalidated, and the user caused to re-authenticate, as receiving more than one request with the previous security token can be indicative that the user's token might have been stolen.

Abstract: An arrangement for testing a fire suppression sprinkler system includes a supply conduit for supplying a fire suppression fluid to a plurality of sprinklers. A sensor senses a flow of fire suppression fluid through the supply conduit. A drain conduit drains fire suppression fluid when the fire suppression system is tested. A drain valve controls the flow of the fire suppression fluid so that when the fire suppression system is tested the fire suppression fluid is controlled to enter the drain conduit. A fire suppression fluid collection tank collects the fire suppression fluid which has entered the drain conduit for reintroducing the collected fire suppression fluid to the supply conduit. A circulation valve controls the flow of the fire suppression fluid so that when the fire suppression system is tested the fire suppression fluid enters the fire suppression fluid collection tank.

Abstract: Approaches are described for automatically generating new security credentials, such as security tokens, which can involve automatically re-authenticating a user (or client device) using a previous security token issued to that user (or device). The re-authentication can happen without any knowledge and/or action on the part of the user. The re-authentication mechanism can invalidate and/or keep track of the previous security token, such that when a subsequent request is received that includes the previous security token, the new security token can be invalidated, and the user caused to re-authenticate, as receiving more than one request with the previous security token can be indicative that the user's token might have been stolen.

Abstract: A condensate collector arrangement for a dry pipe sprinkler system comprises a collection chamber and an upstream valve and a downstream valve with an anti-trip arrangement for preventing the upstream valve and the downstream valve to be open at the same time and preferably includes an arrangement to indicate the presence of condensate and a lock for the anti-trip arrangement and an alarm which may be selectively deactivated.

Abstract: An arrangement for testing a fire suppression sprinkler system includes a supply conduit for supplying a fire suppression fluid to a plurality of sprinklers. A sensor senses a flow of fire suppression fluid through the supply conduit. A drain conduit drains fire suppression fluid when the fire suppression system is tested. A drain valve controls the flow of the fire suppression fluid so that when the fire suppression system is tested the fire suppression fluid is controlled to enter the drain conduit. A fire suppression fluid collection tank collects the fire suppression fluid which has entered the drain conduit for reintroducing the collected fire suppression fluid to the supply conduit. A circulation valve controls the flow of the fire suppression fluid so that when the fire suppression system is tested the fire suppression fluid enters the fire suppression fluid collection tank.

Abstract: A condensate collector arrangement for a dry pipe sprinkler system comprises a collection chamber and an upstream valve and a downstream valve with an anti-trip arrangement for preventing the upstream valve and the downstream valve to be open at the same time and preferably includes an arrangement to indicate the presence of condensate and a lock for the anti-trip arrangement and an alarm which may be selectively deactivated.

Abstract: An arrangement for testing a fire suppression sprinkler system includes a conduit for supplying a flow of fire suppression fluid to at least one sprinkler. A sensor is configured to sense the flow of the fire suppression fluid to the at least one sprinkler. The sensor has a first condition indicative of a predetermined volume of flow of the suppression fluid to the at least one sprinkler and a second condition indicative of a volume of flow of the fire suppression fluid to the at least one sprinkler less than the predetermined volume of flow. An actuator causes the sensor to be in the first condition or the second condition. A signaler provides an indication to a user that the sensor is in at least one of the first condition and the second condition.

Abstract: A condensate collector arrangement for a dry pipe sprinkler system comprises a float or a sensor which activates an alarm when a predetermined amount of condensate has been collected.

Abstract: Described is a device and method for administration of molecules to tissue in vivo for various medical applications, the device comprising a single-needle electrode which provides for the ability, when the needle is inserted into tissue, such as skin or muscle, to pulse tissue with a non-uniform electric field sufficient to cause reversible poration of cells lying along or in close proximity to the track made by the needle upon its insertion into said tissue

Abstract: A commissioning module including an airtight housing, in which sealing members in the vicinity of an aperture in the periphery of the housing provides an airtight seal between the periphery of the housing and a conduit passing through the aperture in the periphery of the housing.

Abstract: Described is a device and method for administration of molecules to tissue in vivo for various medical applications, the device comprising a single-needle electrode which provides for the ability, when the needle is inserted into tissue, such as skin or muscle, to pulse tissue with a non-uniform electric field sufficient to cause reversible poration of cells lying along or in close proximity to the track made by the needle upon its insertion into said tissue

Abstract: Described is a device and method for administration of molecules to tissue in vivo for various medical applications, the device comprising a single hypodermic injection needle and at least two spaced elongate electrodes which provide for the ability, when the needle is inserted into tissue, such as skin or muscle, to pulse tissue with a non-uniform electric field sufficient to cause reversible poration of cells lying along or in close proximity to the track made by the needle upon its insertion into said tissue.

Abstract: An enclosed valve module for a fluid-distribution system comprises a first main passageway for a fluid, a plurality of first branch passageways for the fluid, and a first plurality of valves with each of the valves selectively providing communication between the first main passageway and an associated one of the plurality of first branch passageways with a housing provided about the first plurality of valves, with the housing having an opening providing access to the first plurality of valves and with the opening being selectively closed by a member arranged to releasably and sealingly engage the housing about the opening with the first main passageway and each of the plurality of first branch passageways extending from inside of the housing to outside of the housing with the housing providing a substantially air-tight enclosure for the plurality of valves when the member sealingly engages the housing about said opening.