Abstract: A method of recycling one or more valuable metal elements from a solid source material comprising the one or more valuable metal elements and fluorine, the method comprising: forming an acidic aqueous recycling feed by acid leaching the source material, or derivative thereof, the acidic aqueous recycling feed comprising the one or more valuable metal elements; and recovering the one or more valuable metal elements from the acidic aqueous recycling feed via one or more further process steps selected from solvent extraction, solid phase extraction, electrochemical extraction, and precipitation processes, wherein the fluorine is extracted prior to recovery of the one or more valuable metal elements from the acidic aqueous recycling feed.

Abstract: A compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle comprising an exhaust system (32) comprising a composite oxidation catalyst (12, 42) and a soot filter substrate (44, 50) disposed downstream from the composite oxidation catalyst comprising: a substrate (5), preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith, having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface.

Abstract: A compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle comprising an exhaust system (32) comprising a composite oxidation catalyst (12, 42) and a soot filter substrate (44, 50) disposed downstream from the composite oxidation catalyst comprising: a substrate (5), preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith, having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1 and comprising a first catalyst washcoat layer (9), wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end by a first end (15) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L2 and comprising a second catalyst washcoat layer (11), wherein L2<L, wherein the second catalyst washcoat zone (2) is defined a

Abstract: A composite, zone-coated, dual-use ammonia (AMOX) and nitric oxide oxidation catalyst (12) comprises: a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) comprised of a first catalyst washcoat layer (9) comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon and a second catalyst washcoat layer (11) different from the first catalyst washcoat layer (9) and comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon, which two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) being arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1, wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end (13) by a first end (15) of a second catal

Abstract: A composite oxidation catalyst for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine is disclosed. The composite oxidation catalyst comprises a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith and two catalyst washcoat zones arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface.

Abstract: A composite oxidation catalyst for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine is disclosed. The composite oxidation catalyst comprises a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith and two catalyst washcoat zones arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface.

Abstract: A composite oxidation catalyst (18, 20) for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) and upstream of a particulate matter filter (44, 50) in the exhaust system comprises a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); and three or more catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2, 3; or 1, 2, 3, 4) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1, wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end by a first end (19, 21) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L2, wherein L2<L, wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises a first refractory metal oxide support material and two or more platinum group metal components supported thereon comprising both platinum and palla

Abstract: A compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) for a heavy-duty diesel vehicle comprising an exhaust system (32) comprising a composite oxidation catalyst (12, 42) and a soot filter substrate (44, 50) disposed downstream from the composite oxidation catalyst comprising: a substrate (5), preferably a honeycomb flow-through substrate monolith, having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1 and comprising a first catalyst washcoat layer (9), wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end by a first end (15) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L2 and comprising a second catalyst washcoat layer (11), wherein L2<L, wherein the second catalyst washcoat zone (2) is defined a

Abstract: A composite, zone-coated, dual-use ammonia (AMOX) and nitric oxide oxidation catalyst (12) comprises: a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) comprised of a first catalyst washcoat layer (9) comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon and a second catalyst washcoat layer (11) different from the first catalyst washcoat layer (9) and comprising a refractory metal oxide support material and one or more platinum group metal components supported thereon, which two or more catalyst washcoat zones (1; 2) being arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1, wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end (13) by a first end (15) of a second catal

Abstract: A composite oxidation catalyst (18, 20) for use in an exhaust system for treating an exhaust gas produced by a vehicular compression ignition internal combustion engine (30) and upstream of a particulate matter filter (44, 50) in the exhaust system comprises a substrate (5) having a total length L and a longitudinal axis and having a substrate surface extending axially between a first substrate end (I) and a second substrate end (O); and three or more catalyst washcoat zones (1, 2, 3; or 1, 2, 3, 4) arranged axially in series on and along the substrate surface, wherein a first catalyst washcoat zone (1) having a length L1, wherein L1<L, is defined at one end by the first substrate end (I) and at a second end by a first end (19, 21) of a second catalyst washcoat zone (2) having a length L2, wherein L2<L, wherein the first catalyst washcoat zone (1) comprises a first refractory metal oxide support material and two or more platinum group metal components supported thereon comprising both platinum and palla

Abstract: An integrated system for fabricating components for a selected wood-based project, said integrated system includes a tandem machine, a first machine for executing machining requirements for sheet material stock, said first machine being configured to selectively implement two-dimensional machining operations on a piece of sheet material stock, including operations for implementing curvilinear shapes.

Abstract: An integrated system for fabricating components for a selected wood-based project, said integrated system includes a tandem machine, a first machine for executing machining requirements for sheet material stock, said first machine being configured to selectively implement two-dimensional machining operations on a piece of sheet material stock, including operations for implementing curvilinear shapes.

Abstract: A method and structure for an integrated system for fabricating components for a customer's selected wood-based project, including at least one computer for providing an interface with a consumer to input inquiries and design choices directed to a project having at least one component to be machined in a tandem machine system in which a wood-based project component can be fabricated, regardless whether the component is based on dimensional stock or on sheet material stock. The customer interacts with either a database showing previously-designed projects for implementation using the tandem machine or a CAD (Computer Aided Design) module to develop a new project or a modification of a project in the database.

Abstract: A method and structure for an integrated system for fabricating components for a customer's selected wood-based project, including at least one computer for providing an interface with a consumer to input inquiries and design choices directed to a project having at least one component to be machined in a tandem machine system in which a wood-based project component can be fabricated, regardless whether the component is based on dimensional stock or on sheet material stock. The customer interacts with either a database showing previously-designed projects for implementation using the tandem machine or a CAD (Computer Aided Design) module to develop a new project or a modification of a project in the database.

Abstract: An notation-enabled communication system and method of generating billing data for a customer. One embodiment of a notation-enabled communication device includes: (1) a communication subsystem operable to transmit and receive communication data associated with a call, and (2) a call logger configured to accept notations associated with the call, generate a call detail record (CDR) based on the call and the notations and submit the CDR to a database.