Abstract: A hypsometer for use to calibrate thermometers having 1) an elongated vessel for containment of a working fluid, 2) a heating element for heating the fluid to its boiling point, 3) a vapor jacket to provide an escape path for the vapor, 4) a vapor chamber near the lower end of the vapor jacket, and 5) a thermometer holder to hold a thermometer at a position with its sensor tip inside the vapor chamber. Equalization of pressure between the interior of the vessel and the outside atmosphere is assured by allowing the vapor to escape through the vapor jacket. Near the lower end of the vapor jacket is a narrow opening where working fluid, in liquid state, collects to form a liquid seal, thus forcing the vapor through the vapor chamber before it can escape.

Abstract: A hypsometer for use to calibrate thermometers comprising 1) an elongated vessel for containment of a working fluid, 2) means for heating said fluid to its boiling point, 3) a vapor jacket to provide a path for the vapor to escape to the atmosphere, 4) a vapor chamber near the lower end of the vapor jacket, and 5) a thermometer holder to hold a thermometer at a position with it sensor tip inside the vapor chamber. Equalization of pressure between the interior of the vessel and the outside atmosphere is assured by allowing the vapor to escape through the vapor jacket. Equalization of pressure is further assisted by having the vessel long enough to assure that as the fluid is heated to boiling at one end of the vessel, vapor condenses near the other end at a sufficient rate to prevent any appreciable increase of pressure inside the vessel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the controlled placement of a shear-thinnable polymer composition into a moving web. The controlled placement is preferably performed by applying the polymer composition onto a surface of a moving web, shear thinning the composition and placing it into the web, and curing the polymer composition. A preferred apparatus includes one or more process heads that has mounted thereto a rigid knife blade for engagement with the moving web. The knife blade is movable vertically and rotationally. The process head is also movable horizontally along the path of the moving web. A plurality of macro and micro tension zones are established and are monitored for controlling the apparatus and process.

Abstract: A resistance thermometer probe comprising a temperature sensor and a housing around the temperature sensor. The housing having a temperature sensing tip for placement of the temperature sensor and a stem to enable the temperature sensing tip to reach into otherwise inaccessable positions. The stem being generally cylindrical in shape and the temperature sensing tip being an integral extension of the stem but is reduced in both diameter and wall thickness to minimize thermal capacity and to maximize heat conduction. The probe also has electrically conductive wire leads to connect the temperature sensor to an ohmmeter. Fine granular glass particles and molecular sieve are placed in the empty space left after the temperature sensor and conductive wires have been inserted into the housing. The particles provide mechanical support to the temperature sensor, and reduces convection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the controlled placement of a shear-thinnable polymer composition into a moving web. The controlled placement is preferably performed by applying the polymer composition onto a surface of a moving web, shear thinning the composition and placing it into the web, and curing the polymer composition. A preferred apparatus includes one or more process heads that has mounted thereto a rigid knife blade for engagement with the moving web. The knife blade is movable vertically and rotationally. The process head is also movable horizontally along the path of the moving web. A plurality of macro and micro tension zones are established and are monitored for controlling the apparatus and process.

Abstract: A triple point cell comprising: 1) An outer vessel and an inner vessel; 2) an elastomeric stopper that fits inside the open end of the outer vessel; the elastomeric stopper has two holes, one through which the inner vessel is tightly fitted, and a second through which unwanted gasses is allowed to escape; 3) water in the volume between the outer and inner vessels. 4) a vent plug for plugging up the second hole after all the unwanted gases has been driven out of the triple point cell by water vapor that has been generated by boiling the water. Triple point is reached by freezing some of the water in the cell, and then letting the ice, water, and water vapor come to thermal equilibrium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the controlled placement of a shear-thinnable polymer composition into a moving web. The controlled placement is preferably performed by applying the polymer composition onto a surface of a moving web, shear thinning the composition and placing it into the web, and curing the polymer composition. A preferred apparatus includes one or more process heads that has mounted thereto a rigid knife blade for engagement with the moving web. The knife blade is movable vertically and rotationally. The process head is also movable horizontally along the path of the moving web. A plurality of macro and micro tension zones are established and are monitored for controlling the apparatus and process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for the controlled placement of a shear-thinnable polymer composition into a moving web. The controlled placement is preferably performed by applying the polymer composition onto a surface of a moving web, shear thinning the composition and placing it into the web, and curing the polymer composition. A preferred apparatus includes one or more process heads that has mounted thereto a rigid knife blade for engagement with the moving web. The knife blade is movable vertically and rotationally. The process head is also movable horizontally along the path of the moving web. A plurality of macro and micro tension zones are established and are monitored for controlling the apparatus and process.