Abstract: A simulated cannula for a self-cannulation training system is provided. The simulated cannula includes a coupler that houses an LED light source and includes an electrical conductor and an optical fiber extending therefrom. The coupler can couple to a off-the-shelf cannula that can be easily modified for such purpose. The training system also includes a cannulation pad, a control unit, and first and second indicators. The control unit can include a rechargeable battery. The first indicator is activated when the cannula needle electrically completes the cannulation electrical circuit. The second indicator is activated when the cannula needle infiltrates or bypasses the simulated access and completes the infiltration electrical circuit. Methods of training a patient for self-cannulation, using the simulated cannula and training systems, are also provided.

Abstract: A method for providing one or more real-time measures of the performance of an asset. The price of an asset is represented as the sum of a time-dependent average and a random part, defined as a deviation from the average. Straightforward definitions of drift, volatility and risk are obtained. In accordance with embodiments of the invention, real-world stock price information generates time-dependent drift, volatility and risk, assigning an added dimension to the underlying value of an asset.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for spectral analysis of a sampled signal are provided. According to the method, a first time interval &Dgr;T is determined which represents a sample set over which the signal can be averaged for purpose of decomposing the signal into instantaneous mean and random components. From random component of the signal, the optimal time-dependent time interval AW over which the random component should be averaged to obtain the instantaneous frequency spectrum (IFS) is then calculated based upon the instantaneous signal memory. Signal memory specifies the extent in time beyond which the signal “forgets” its past behavior and thus is a measure of its degree-of-randomness. Defining AW in this way reduces the likelihood that short-lived events are lost (or masked) due to uncharacteristically short (or long) averaging intervals. Importantly, both time intervals &Dgr;T and AW are dynamic and vary randomly with time.

Abstract: The pitcher's workout machine has a frame assembly which includes three rectangular light panel frames connected to define a box shaped target zone. The first and second frames mount infrared transmitters and receivers in a pattern defining a rectangular strike zone, with a ball zone above, below, and on opposite sides of the strike zone. Lenses are used to collimate the infrared beams. When a ball passes through the frame assembly, the first frame triggers a pulse generator and the third frame stops the pulse generator. Shift registers count the pulses, and the speed is determined by the predetermined distance between the first and third frames. Shift registers count balls and strikes, and calculate the number of balls, strikes, walks, outs, and innings, which are displayed on a display panel.