Abstract: In a closed-loop flash dryer, hot gas is introduced through a horizontal or downwardly directed nozzle. This configuration is especially adapted for drying heat-sensitive materials. The use of a single nozzle eliminates damage to equipment which results from differential expansion.

Abstract: A centrifugal type drying mill for wet particles in which hot gases are propelled into the mill to entrain and disperse the wet particles and carry them through an arcuate centrifugal path wherein the lighter, drier particles are centrifugally separated from the heavier, wetter particles and centripetally exhausted from the mill, the mill being formed of square or rectangular cross-sectional shape throughout the major portion thereof, with the inlet or drying chamber being of trapezoidal cross-sectional shape, with the narrower wall thereof at the bottom wherein gaseous inlet nozzles are located, the gaseous inlet nozzles being of rectangular shape to extend across the width of the inlet chamber and being provided with valve means therein to permit adjustment of the angles of entry of the gases into the inlet chamber.