Patents by Inventor George W. Gray
George W. Gray has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 5037576Abstract: Compounds for use in ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures of general formula (I), where R.sub.1 is alkyl, Y is COO or OOC, m, n and p are 0 or 1 provided m+n is 2 or less and when Y is OOC, p is 0, X is a mesogenic group, especially 4.sup.1 -alkyl- or alkyl-biphenyl or bicyclohexyl. Methods for preparation of these compounds are given, and ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures containing them are described.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1989Date of Patent: August 6, 1991Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Richard M. Scrowston, Adam Jackson
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Patent number: 5002692Abstract: Amides having the following structure: ##STR1## used in ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures, especially as pitch compensators and liquid crystal compositions containing them.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 1988Date of Patent: March 26, 1991Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Richard M. Scrowston, Lawrence K. M. Chan, Madeline J. Bradshaw, Victoria Brimmell
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Patent number: 4941992Abstract: Novel compounds suitable for use as chiral dopants in ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal materials comprising an optically active derivative of an .alpha.-amino acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-20 alkyl or alkoxy, R is C.sub.1-20 n-alkyl and Y is C.sub.1-20 alkyl. A liquid crystal mixture and a device using these compounds are also described.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1987Date of Patent: July 17, 1990Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Adam Jackson, Richard M. Scrowston, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne
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Patent number: 4923633Abstract: A compound suitable for use in a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal composition having a structure which contains two chiral centers derived from alpha hydroxy carboxylic acid groups and having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is n-alkoxy containing 1-12 carbo atoms and R.sub.2 is n-alkyl containing 1-12 carbon atoms. Methods of preparation and details of liquid crystal mixtures containing these compounds are described.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1987Date of Patent: May 8, 1990Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, David Coates, Adam Jackson, Richard M. Scrowston
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Patent number: 4913837Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 -A.sup.1 -Z.sup.1 -A.sup.2 -[Z.sup.2 -A.sup.3 ].sub.n -R.sup.2Iwherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and n are defined in claim 1, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline phases.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1987Date of Patent: April 3, 1990Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventors: George W. Gray, Kenneth J. Toyne, David Lacey, Michael P. Burrow, Rudolf Eidenschink, Andreas Wachtler, Georg Weber
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Patent number: 4904066Abstract: Liquid crystal polymers of general formula ##STR1## wherein the ratio b : a is less than 3 and greater than O, X is a mesogenic group of formula ##STR2## where A and B are cyclic groups, preferably phenyl, which may carry lateral substituents, preferably methyl, R may be F, CH.sub.3, CN, R.sup.1 , OR.sup.1 or COOR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is alkyl, Y is COO.sub.1 OOC, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, c is 0 or 1. A preferred group X is ##STR3## The polymers may be used for optical information storage either alone or in mixture with other liquid crystals for example with smectic materials of formula ##STR4## where R" is alkyl or alkoxy and r is 0 or 1.Type: GrantFiled: June 22, 1987Date of Patent: February 27, 1990Assignee: The General Electric Company, p.l.c.Inventors: George W. Gray, Gary Nestor, David Lacey, Ciaran B. McArdle
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Patent number: 4868341Abstract: New bicyclohexyls of the formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 group(s) can be replaced by 0 atoms, and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,are suitable for use as the coponents of liquid-crystal dielectrics.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1986Date of Patent: September 19, 1989Assignees: Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung, The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Rudolf Eidenschink, Michael Romer, Georg Weber, George W. Gray, Kenneth J. Toyne
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Patent number: 4852977Abstract: Novel lactic acid derivatives which may be used as a component of a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixture, which derivatives have the general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl or alkoxy and R.sub.2 is alkyl. Liquid crystalline compositions containing these compounds are also described.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1986Date of Patent: August 1, 1989Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Lawrence K. M. Chan, David Coates, Peter A. Gemmell, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Daniel J. S. Young
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Patent number: 4834905Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: October 3, 1986Date of Patent: May 30, 1989Assignees: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung, The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Rudolf Eidenschink, Joachim Krause, Beatrice M. Andrews, George W. Gray, Neil Carr
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Patent number: 4824217Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1986Date of Patent: April 25, 1989Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Lawrence K. M. Chan, David Coates, Peter A. Gemmell, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Daniel J. S. Young, Matthew F. Bone, Adam Jackson, Richard M. Scrowston
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Patent number: 4784793Abstract: Novel derivatives of cyclic and acyclic terpenoid alcohols, having general formula (I) X--(CO).sub.n --O--T.sub.1, where n=O or l, T.sub.1 is a terpenoid group and X is a combination of cyclic groups, e.g. phenyl, cyclohexyl and pyrimidyl, X preferably contains up to three cyclic groups. Preferred derivatives are esters of cyclic terpenoid alcohols, e.g. menthol, borneol and isopineocampheol, e.g. formula (II) (-)-menthol. Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal mixtures and devices containing these derivatives as chiral dopants in a tilted smectic host are also described. The properties of various other derivatives of terpenoid alcohols of formula (I) are also described, e.g. those of neomenthol, isolongifolol, fenchol, carveol, myrthenol, nopol, citronellol, perilla alcohol and dihydrocitronellol.Type: GrantFiled: September 22, 1986Date of Patent: November 15, 1988Assignees: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, STC PLCInventors: David Coates, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Daniel J. S. Young, Kenneth J. Toyne, Matthew F. Bone
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Patent number: 4698176Abstract: A heterocyclically substituted ethane having a formula:R.sub.1 -Cy-CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2 -A-R.sub.2 Formula 1whereinA represents a heterocyclic ring selected from a trans 2,5 disubstituted 1,3 dioxan ring and a 2,5 disubstituted 1,3-pyrimidine ring;R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 represents a group selected from hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and alkoxy having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms provided that where A is a trans 2,5 disubstituted 1,3 dioxan ring R.sub.2 is alkyl; andCy represents a trans-1,4 disubstituted cyclohexane ring.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1986Date of Patent: October 6, 1987Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: George W. Gray, Beatrice M. Nicholas
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Patent number: 4696549Abstract: Novel terphenyls having a relatively high clearing point and which are suitable for use in liquid crystal materials or in the preparation of compounds for use in such material are characterized by a formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy;R.sub.2 is selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy;X.sub.1 is selected from H and fluorine;X.sub.2 is selected from H and fluorine; and ##STR2## provided that one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is fluorine. Compounds wherein ##STR3## are generally useful as liquid crystal compounds.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1985Date of Patent: September 29, 1987Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Lawrence Kam Ming Chan, George W. Gray, Kenneth J. Toyne, David Lacey, Rudolf Eidenschink, Michael Romer
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Patent number: 4695131Abstract: A fluorinated compound having a formula: ##STR1## R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is selected from hydrogen, alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy having up to 12 carbon atoms, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein R.sub.4 is hydrogen, alkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms or alkoxy having up to 12 carbon atoms; ##STR3## represents a cyclohexane ring which is in the trans configuration if 1, 4-disubstituted; ##STR4## represents a benzene ring; each of X, Y and Z independently represents hydrogen or fluorine in one or more of the lateral benzene ring positions, provided that at least one of X, Y and Z is present representing fluorine;n=0 or 1 provided that when n=0 ##STR5## and R.sub.1 is alkyl; with the proviso that in Formula I when n is 1 and ##STR6## where R.sub.1 is n-alkyl and R.sub.2 is n-alkyl or n-alkoxy the total number of carbon plus oxygen atoms in the two groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is less than 10.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 1984Date of Patent: September 22, 1987Inventors: Peter H. Balkwill, David I. Bishop, Andrew D. Pearson, Ian C. Sage, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Damien G. McDonnell
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Patent number: 4659502Abstract: Ethane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A.sup.2 --(A.sup.3).sub.n --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 is H, an alkyl group with 1-12 C atoms, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O--CO-- groups and/or --CO--O groups, F, Cl, Br or R.sup.3 --A.sup.4 --Z.sup.1 --,R.sup.2 is --CN or --Z.sup.2 --A.sup.4 --CN,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A--A.sup.5 -- or --A.sup.5 --A--,A.sup.2 is an 1,4-phenylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups and in which one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N atoms,A is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms, or is a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group,A.sup.3, A.sub.4 are each a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1985Date of Patent: April 21, 1987Assignee: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit Beschrankter HaftungInventors: Julie E. Fearon, Wendy E. Smith, George W. Gray, David Lacey, Kenneth J. Toyne, Georg Weber
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Patent number: 4632515Abstract: A heterocyclically substituted ethane having a formula:R.sub.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2 --A--R.sub.2 Formula IwhereinA represents a heterocyclic ring selected from a trans 2,5 disubstituted 1,3 dioxan ring and a 2,5 disubstituted 1,3-pyrimidine ring;R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 represents a group selected from hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and alkoxy having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms provided that where A is a trans 2,5 disubstituted 1,3 dioxan ring R.sub.2 is alkyl; andCy represents a trans-1,4 disubstituted cyclohexane ring.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 1985Date of Patent: December 30, 1986Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: George W. Gray, Beatrice M. Nicholas
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Patent number: 4630897Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound has a formula: ##STR1## where: ##STR2## is a trans-2,5-disubstituted-1,3-dioxan ring or a 2,5-disubstituted-1,3-pyrimidine ring ##STR3## is a 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring optionally containing one or more F, Cl or CH.sub.3 groups as lateral substituents; R.sub.1 is an alkyl group; andX is a terminal group selected from H, CN, Cl, F and R.sub.2 where R.sub.2 is selected from alkyl R.sub.3, alkoxy OR.sub.3, alkylcarbonyloxy OCOR.sub.3 and alkoxycarbonyloxy OCOOR.sub.3.Type: GrantFiled: February 4, 1985Date of Patent: December 23, 1986Assignee: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Beatrice M. Andrews, Neil Carr, George W. Gray, Christine Hogg
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Patent number: 4627933Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.Type: GrantFiled: July 7, 1983Date of Patent: December 9, 1986Assignees: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung, The Secretary of State for Defense in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Rudolf Eidenschink, Joachim Krause, Beatrice M. Andrews, George W. Gray, Neil Carr
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Patent number: 4622164Abstract: New bicyclohexyls of the formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 group(s) can be replaced by O atoms, and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,are suitable for use as the components of liquid-crystal dielectrics.Type: GrantFiled: June 14, 1984Date of Patent: November 11, 1986Assignees: Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung, The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandInventors: Rudolf Eidenschink, Michael Romer, Georg Weber, George W. Gray, Kenneth J. Toyne
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Patent number: 4594465Abstract: Novel terphenyls having a relatively high clearing point and which are suitable for use in liquid crystal materials or in the preparation of compounds for use in such material are characterised by a formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy;R.sub.2 is selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy;X.sub.1 is selected from H and fluorine;X.sub.2 is selected from H and fluorine; and ##STR2## is selected from ##STR3## and ##STR4## provided that one of X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 is fluroine. Compounds wherein ##STR5## is ##STR6## or ##STR7## are generally useful as liquid crystal compounds.Type: GrantFiled: July 19, 1984Date of Patent: June 10, 1986Assignees: The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Merck Patent Gesellschaft mit beschrankter HaftungInventors: Lawrence Kam Ming Chan, George W. Gray, Kenneth J. Toyne, David Lacey, Rudolf Eidensschink, Michael Romer