Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a nano-sized vehicle (e.g., a nanogel comprising nanoparticles) is provided herein for drug delivery with tunable biodistribution, low toxicity, and degradability, and with demonstrated targeting to bone. The composition is useful, for example, in the treatment of bone disease, particularly bone metastases from cancers such as breast, prostate, or lung cancer.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described.

Abstract: Systems and methods related to optical nanosensors comprising photoluminescent nanostructures are generally described.

Abstract: There is a large difference in frequency dependent, complex electrical permittivity between genuine and counterfeit documents, including paper currency. Genuine bills have a substantially different complex permittivity which is distinct from the permittivity of counterfeit bills. The invention broadly measures the complex permittivity, &egr;, of the ‘paper’ bills to determine if the bill(s) is genuine or counterfeit. In one aspect, the present invention comprises a device and method for determining the genuineness of a document by measuring the complex permittivity based on the frequency dependent dielectric properties of the document. The complex electric permittivity of a dielectric material is typically read by measuring complex impedance using a capacitor to sense material properties. The document may include an enhanced region comprising an additive that establishes a known permittivity in the enhanced region.

Abstract: A system for the verification of the genuineness of currency. The complex electric permittivity of the currency is read by measuring its complex impedance. A particular capacitor arrangement is used to sense the complex electric permittivity of the paper currency.

Abstract: A nutrient supplement for enhancing the growth of mushrooms in a compost bed is disclosed. The supplement comprises a protein material (e.g., corn gluten meal) coated with a hydrophilic carbohydrate material.

Abstract: A system for analyzing bone conditions, particularly (but not solely) for diagnosing osteoporosis and periodontal bone disease in humans. An ultrasonic signal (generally a pulse) having components in a range from about 50 kHz to about 600 kHz (and preferably to about 3 MHz) is launched transdermally into a bony member such as the patella, and received after passage therethrough. Scattering of the incident wave energy in the bony member, and absorption and phase delay in the tissue, cause the transmission to vary in both amplitude and phase as a function of frequency. A multivariable analysis is performed on a plurality of variables characterizing the signals transmitted through, reflected from or scattered by the bony member and soft tissue. The measured parameter values characterize the bone architecture and are compared with the statistics for one or more groups having known bone condition, to yield a probabilistic diagnosis of bone condition.

Abstract: A system for analyzing bone conditions, particularly (but not solely) for diagnosing osteoporosis and periodontal bone disease in humans. An ultrasonic signal (generally a pulse) having at least two components of distinguishable waveshape or frequency content in a range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz is launched transdermally into the patient, through a bony member such as the patella, and received at the other side. The transmission through the bony member and surrounding soft tissue varies in both amplitude and phase as a function of frequency, and the velocity of transmission varies between the bony member and the soft tissue. A variety of techniques are employed for analyzing the transmission of the ultrasonic signal to assess bone condition. These include at least: comparing the transit times through the bony member of energy in a first frequency range and energy in a second frequency; evaluating the transfer function through the bony member (i.e.

Abstract: A mushroom growing supplement is prepared from acidic corn gluten meal by mixing with aqueous formaldehyde while maintaining the meal in free-flowing condition. The treated meal is then packaged without heating or drying and is ready for use by mushroom growers.

Abstract: Optical strain gauge employing evanescent field coupling between optical fibers. Optical fibers are spaced apart for evanescent field coupling on a structure whose strain is to be measured. Light is introduced into an input fiber which couples into an output fiber depending on the separation between the fibers. Light coupled into the output fiber is detected to generate an output signal indicative of the separation between fibers and hence strain in the supporting structure. In one embodiment, apparatus is provided to measure strain at a plurality of locations with but a single input and a single output fiber. In this embodiment, the input fiber and the output fiber are separated for evanescent coupling at a plurality of locations. The lengths of the input and output fibers between the locations where strain is measured are unequal to produce light propagation time delays.

Abstract: A system for establishing, in vivo, the strength of bone in a live being such as, for example, a horse. The system permits determination of the speed of travel of sound through the bone and the strength of the bone is assessed on the basis of said speed of travel.

Abstract: A method of coating a portion of the walls and effecting a degree of penetration into a bone with a coating material to produce a modified bone surface, the method comprising: introducing the coating material onto the bone surface in an initial physical state; applying pressure to the coating material to force the material into the structure of the bone; and maintaining pressure on the coating material until it reaches a desired final physical state.

Abstract: An optical transistor wherein an optical medium receives a pump signal and produces therefrom an internal optical signal, an optical control signal being directed into the optical medium to perturb the optical properties of the medium and to thereby modify the amplitude of the internal optical signal. A plurality of optical transistors are shown in various logic configurations.

Abstract: Solid-state waveguide structures are disclosed to detect and/or encode very fast (picosecond) optical signals. The waveguides are appropriately configured to cause very fast signals to interact with interrogation or erasure pulses by a two photon absorption mechanism. The coincidence of the pulses in particular regions causes erasure and/or changes in the waveguide conductivity which can be measured conventionally by parallel circuitry.

Abstract: A method for establishing, in vivo, the strength of bone in a live being such as, for example, a horse. The method permits determination of the speed of travel of sound through the bone and the strength of the bone is assessed on the basis of said speed of travel.

Abstract: A pre-coated body implant, such as, for example, a hip prosthesis, in which that portion of the implant that attaches to or is inserted into a skeletal member of the body has a pre-coating of a material (e.g., an acrylic material) covering all or most of said portion and bonded thereto.

Abstract: A system for establishing, in vivo, the strength of bone in a live being such as, for example, a horse. The system permits determination of the speed of travel of sound through the bone and the strength of the bone is assessed on the basis of said speed of travel.The questions raised in reexamination request No. 90/000,815, filed 07/22/85, have been considered and the results thereof are reflected in this reissue patent which constitutes the reexamination certificate required by 35 U.S.C. 307 as provided in 37 CFR 1.570(e).