Abstract: A microwave-resistant and waterproof security tag for use with food products, especially meat products. The security tag includes a pair of single, open loop conductive traces in between which is disposed a similarly-shaped dielectric layer. This combination is encapsulated within plastic membranes or covers that are sealed at their common edges. The preferred embodiment includes rectangularly-shaped single, open loop conductive traces with rounded corners and with one end of each trace forming a capacitor plate. The width of each trace is at least 1/10 of the length of the security tag.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a novel procedure and system for making a security tag for an aluminum-pressed, cardboard container. The method employs a system of distancing the tag from the container and a method of calibrating the tag. The tag is then inserted into a specially designed cap and spaced a given distance from the container. The product is sealed and then sold to the consumer.

Abstract: A biostructure including a porous matrix, the interstitial pores of the matrix selectively infused with an interpenetrant such that portions of the matrix remain uninfused. The biostructure may include a ceramic matrix and a polymer interpenetrant. The biostructure may be an implantable bone substitute including a bone repair device, a cranioplasty device, a burr hole cover or cap, a mandibular repair device, other craniofacial repair device, an alveolar ridge augmentation, bone void filler, a spinal fusion or other spinal repair device, or other substitute for either a portion of a bone or an entire bone. The biostructure, or its corresponding matrix, may have dimensions which may be customized for a particular patient and which may be based on medical imaging data and may further include geometric features not present in the medical imaging data. The biostructure may be used in culturing cells outside the body of a patient.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ heap leaching or lixiviants that include one or more blinding agents.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: An engineered regenerative biostructure (erb) for implantation into a human body as a bone substitute, which includes an internal microstructure, mesostructure and/or macrostructure to provide improved bone in-growth, and methods for making the erb. Under one aspect of the invention, the biostructure has resorbable and nonresorbable regions. Under another aspect of the invention, the biostructure is constructed of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and/or demineralized bone. Under yet another aspect of the invention, the porous biostructure is partially or fully infused with a resorbable, nonresorbable or dissolvable material.

Abstract: Processes are provided for recovering precious metals from refractory materials using thiosulfate lixiviants. The processes can employ lixiviants that include at most only small amounts of copper and/or ammonia and operate at a relatively low pH, reduction of polythionates, inert atmospheres to control polythionate production, and electrolytic solutions which provide relatively high rates of precious metal recovery.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical process is provided for producing pigment grade TiO2 from titaniferous mineral ores, and in particular from ilmenite ore. The ore is leached with a hydrochloric acid, preferably a recycled solution at high hydrochloric acid concentration, to form a leachate containing titanium and iron chloride and a residue. The leachate may be filtered to separate the leachate from the residue. The leachate is cooled to a temperature sufficient to form crystals of FeCl2, which are separated from the leachate. The leachate may be subjected to a reduction step to reduce Fe+3 to Fe+2, before crystallizing. The leachate is subjected to a first solvent extraction to form a pregnant strip solution containing titanium and ferric ions and a raffinate containing ferrous ions. This strip solution is subjected to a second solvent extraction to form a second strip solution containing ferric ions and a raffinate containing titanium ions.

Abstract: A two-stage method for the preparation of polyol fatty acid polyesters is provided. The resulting polyol fatty acid polyesters are very lightly colored (i.e., colorless to slightly yellow) and have a high degree of substitution with fatty acid groups. The first stage of this two-stage method is a solvent-based esterification reaction; the second stage is an essentially solvent-free esterification reaction. In the first stage, a polyol in a solvent (e.g., sucrose in dimethylsulfoxide)) is reacted with fatty acid lower alkyl esters at relatively low temperatures using an alkaline salt catalyst. After the desired degree of esterification is obtained, the resulting partially-esterified polyol fatty acid polyesters and the solvent-containing phase are separated.

Abstract: Vertical form-fill-seal packaging of a fluent product, such as flour, wherein flexible packaging material is formed into tubing around a downwardly extending mandrel, the tubing is intermittently fed downwardly in package length increments off the lower end of the mandrel with a dwell between each successive feed, the tubing is transversely sealed at a level below the lower end of the mandrel during each dwell to form a top seal for a package being completed and a bottom seal for the next package, the tubing is severed between each top and bottom seal during each dwell, product being fed downwardly from the mandrel into the portion of the tubing, sealed at the bottom, being fed off the lower end of the mandrel, wherein the downward feed of the tubing and the feed of the product are such as substantially to fill the volume of the said portion of the tubing created by the downward feed of the tubing.

Abstract: A thermoforming machine having opposed mold platens includes a linkage system driven in cyclic movement by rotary cam mechanism to cyclically shift the platens between their open and closed position. The cam mechanism is driven by a variable speed motor which is controlled in a manner such that the rotary speed of the cam mechanism during different portions of a cam revolution may be set to a speed which is different than the rotary speed of the cam mechanism during other portions of each revolution. By adjusting the speed differential or by adjusting the angular extent of that portion of a revolution of the cam mechanism over which the different speed is maintained the time duration of any chosen portion of the cycle may be adjusted independently of the time duration of other portions of the cycle.

Abstract: An oscillating canopy is employed in the feeding of an elongate sheet of synthetic plastic material having articles, such as cups, for example, formed in the sheet, to a die which trims the articles from the sheet. The canopy has a downwardly concave curved upper portion upon which the sheet is supported by a series of rollers. The canopy is driven in forward and return strokes in pivotal movement about an axis located at a radial distance from the curved upper portion which is a greater distance from the discharge end of the curved upper portion than from the sheet receiving end so that tension is maintained on the sheet during the feeding stroke. The sheet-supporting rollers are mounted for rotation in one direction only, this direction being that in which the rollers can roll relative to the sheet on the return stroke of the canopy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for lining the interior of a container with plastic sheet material. An open topped container is elevated upon a support through a passage in a lower die member into contact with the under surface of a sheet of heated thermoplastic material overlying the upper end of the passage. A plug assist member is then employed to deform the sheet into conformation with the interior of the container. Upon withdrawal of the plug assist member, an upper die member is lowered into shearing relationship with the lower die member to shear the sheet around the upper periphery of the container. The support, with the lined container in place, is then further elevated to raise the lined container upwardly through the opening thus sheared in the sheet and through a passage extending vertically through the upper die member. The plastic lined container is discharged from the apparatus by pushing it transversely across the flat upper surface of the upper die member.

Abstract: A method for lining the interior of a container with plastic sheet material. An open topped container is elevated upon a support through a passage in a lower die member into contact with the under surface of a sheet of heated thermoplastic material overlying the upper end of the passage. A plug assist member is then employed to deform the sheet into conformation with the interior of the container. Upon withdrawal of the plug assist member, an upper die member is lowered into shearing relationship with the lower die member to shear the sheet around the upper periphery of the container. The support, with the lined container in place, is then further elevated to raise the lined container upwardly through the opening thus sheared in the sheet and through a passage extending vertically through the upper die member. The plastic lined container is discharged from the apparatus by pushing it transversely across the flat upper surface of the upper die member.

Abstract: An indexing system for synthetic plastics molding machinery, wherein plastic web gripping drive elements are employed to feed a plastic web in planar indexing movements to the molds of the machine, utilizes a conventional pump driven hydraulic motor connected with the web gripping drive elements by drive transmission mechanism incorporating a brake for positively halting the web gripping elements in predetermined position. A stroke measuring control device driven by the drive transmission mechanism in a path of movement corresponding with the indexing moving of the web gripping elements first decelerates the movement of the web gripping elements and then positively halts them in a predetermined position. Alternatively, a photoelectric eye sensitive to the position of the web can stop the web.