Abstract: System for training an interventionalist to perform an invasive percutaneous or endoscopic intervention on an organ includes a pipe having a size and/or shape similar to a body vessel or tubular body cavity connected to the organ. An exit of the pipe simulates or represents an exit of the vessel or cavity at the organ. A tool is inserted at an entrance of the pipe and pushed through the pipe. A stereoscopic camera acquires images of an end portion of the tool as it exits from the pipe. A model generating unit generates a real-time 3D model of this end portion from the images. A merging unit merges in real time the real-time model and a pre-computed 3D model of the organ into a common environment displayed so that the interventionalist can see in real-time where the real-time model of the tool is located with respect to the pre-computed model.

Abstract: An optical switch (1) has a refractive element (3) between a reflector (5) and multiple optical waveguides (6), the refractive element (3) being pivotable to a first position to optically couple a first set of the waveguides (6), the refractive element (3) being pivotable to a second position to optically couple a second set of waveguides (6), a magnet (4) with the refractive element (3) on an inertially balanced holder (2), a ferrous element (32) to which the magnet (4) is attracted, to pivot the refractive element (3) to the first position, and a magnetic coil (29) applying a torque on the magnet (4) and pivoting the refractive element (3) toward the second position.