Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods relating to fine aggregate for a Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) recycled from a consumer waste stream of bottle glass. Such disclosed compositions may be advantageous, for example, for backfilling trenches in street cuts for utility repairs or new utility installations, such as digital cables. The disclosed compositions that incorporate the recycled glass aggregate into a CLSM that achieves satisfactory compressive strengths. The disclosed compositions are not negatively impacted by Alkali-Silica Reactivity causing expansion.

Abstract: An adaptive threshold decision device for multistate modulation produces, at a symbol frequency, symbols dependent on the levels of a received demodulated baseband signal. It comprises a voltage divider, an adder for adding the baseband signal to a midpoint voltage which is substantially the mean of lower and upper voltages applied to the terminals of the voltage divider to produce a transposed signal, plural comparators for comparing the transposed signal with plural voltages at terminals of the voltage divider thereby producing comparison result signals, an encoder for deriving control words according to the comparison result signals, and control circuits for respectively and independently controlling at least the lower and upper voltages according to the control words.

Abstract: An adaptive predistortion circuit with memory for a digital transmission system includes a set (10) of input registers storing various consecutive data symbols a predistortion circuit (11) for predistorting the data of the consecutive data symbols before they pass through a modulator (14) and then through an amplifier (15) and an adaptation circuit (19) which, in response to a demodulation (16, 17.sub.1, 17.sub.2, 18.sub.1, 18.sub.2) of the stream of transmitted data symbols continuously adapts the predistortion circuit (11) to the stream of input data symbols. The adaptation circuit (19) includes a set (21) of counters/accumulators which determine the center of gravity of the smeared spots (clouds) created by the distortion by calculating a set of errors that is used for adapting the predistortion circuit (11). Preferably, the predistortion circuit is a random access memory.

Abstract: A predistortion arrangement (9) for a digital transmission system transmits complex input data of a constellation by means of a modulator (14) and a power amplifier (15) which distorts the data. The arrangement comprising a predistortion circuit (11) which predistorts the input data in opposite sense before they pass through the amplifier and a transmit filter (10) which applies oversampled filtered data encoded with 2N bits to the predistortion circuit (11) at the rate k/T. The predistortion circuit (11) is formed from an encoder (20) transforming the filtered 2N-bit encoded data into data encoded with 2M bits (M<N) which address a memory (51) that stores complex predistortion coefficients, and a complex multiplier (52) that multiplies for each data element the 2N bits of the filtered data element by the selected predistortion coefficient for producing predistorted data.

Abstract: An adaptive predistortion circuit for a digital transmission system includes a predistortion circuit (52.sub.1, 52.sub.2, 52.sub.3) for predistorting the input data before they pass through a modulator (56) and then through an amplifier (57), and an adaptation circuit (61.sub.1, 61.sub.2, 61.sub.3) for continuously adapting the predistortion circuit to the stream of input data in response to a demodulation of the stream of transmitted data. The predistortion circuit further includes an encoder (51) which, on a first path, in response to digital data a.sub.k, generates digital data b.sub.k which leave a first predistortion circuit (52.sub.1) in a predistorted manner in-phase with the symbol clock, on a second path, digital data c.sub.k which leave a second distortion circuit (52.sub.2) in a predistorted manner phase-shifted by T/3 relative to the symbol clock and on a third path, digital data d.sub.k which leave a third predistortion circuit (52.sub.

Abstract: Predistortion arrangement (9) for a digital transmission system transmits complex input data of a constellation by means of a modulator (14) and a power amplifier (15) which distorts the data. The arrangement comprising a predistortion circuit (11) which predistorts the input data in opposite sense before they pass through the amplifier and a transmit filter (10) which applies oversampled filtered data encoded with 2N bits to the predistortion circuit (11) at the rate k/T. The predistortion circuit (11) first determines approximate values of the predistorted data on the basis of a portion of 2M bits of the field of 2N bits (M<N), which data are thereafter revised with the aid of the remaining portion of said field. The predistortion circuit includes for each channel a memory (112) addressed by the field of M bits which produces the approximate values of the predistorted data and an interpolation circuit (111) which derives therefrom the revised predistorted data.