Abstract: The invention relates to a material for a positive electrode based on titanium oxysulphide for an electrochemical generator and its method of preparation. This oxysulphide corresponds to the formula TiOaS3+b in which a and b are such that: 0<a≦0.5 0<b≦0.7 This material can be obtained by radiofrequency cathode sputtering from a TiS3 target and can be used as a cathode in an electrochemical generator comprising a lithium anode 9 and a glass electrolyte 7 of composition: 1B2O3—O, 8Li2O—O, 8Li2SO4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite element usable in an electrochemical generator. The element comprises a substrate (1) covered by cathodic sputtering with a layer (5) of amorphous material TiO.sub.a X.sub.B with X=S, Se or Te and0.01<a.ltoreq.2,0.01<b.ltoreq.3,2.ltoreq.a+b.ltoreq.3.The layer (5) consitutes the positive electrode of the generator and it can be associated with a lithium negative electrode (9) and a lithium ion conductive glass electrolyte (7).

Abstract: Packing for a column for treating solid particles by direct contact between an ascending gas current and solid particles flowing countercurrent by gravity within the packing. The packing has an ordered structure, consisting of superposition of at least two stacking elements (1,12), each comprising shaped elements (2, 9) arranged parallel between themselves and with regular spacing, said spacing providing a passage opening between two neighboring shapes between 3 and 20 times, preferably 7 and 15 times, the average granulometry of said particles, and the vertical projection of the shaped elements completely covering a horizontal section of the column. This packing is very specially recommended in the presence of particles with a granulometry greater than 2 mm or having mediocre flow characteristics.

Abstract: The rapid pyrolysis of lignocellulosic products, especially forest waste, is conducted in a fluidized bed of hot refractory particles. The pyrolysis products, comprising solid carbonaceous residue (i.e., char), tars and gas, escape from the bed and cross an overheating zone comprising a packed bed contactor supplied by a rainfall of hot refractory particles. The carbonaceous solid residue is then separated from the produced gases, a portion of which is recycled to fluidize the bed, and burned in a conveyed bed combustion reactor, thus heating the refractory particles that supply the packed bed contactor and the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The invention discloses a process and apparatus for the heating or cooling of light solid particles having a low free-fall speed, by means of flowing gas-solid exchangers. The process makes it possible to heat or cool light solid particles dispersed in a gas flow by contacting them with a countercurrent flow of heavy solid particles having a greater final free-fall speed and that are hot or cool in relation to the light particles, thus effecting a heat transfer between the particles.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between solid particles and a gas where the particles fall vertically through a column under gravitational forces and the gas flows upwardly in the column. The heat exchanger has at least one stage in the column including a stack of packing elements supported by a support having openings through which gas may flow at a velocity sufficient to form a loose fluidized bed of particles. A grill is positioned in the lower part of the column through which gas may flow to support a dense fluidized bed of particles.

Abstract: The invention has for its object a process for recovering heat from a hot gaseous current, wherein it consists in making the hos gaseous current travel countercurrent to colder solid particles comprising at least a stage made up of a stack of packing elements placed on a widely perforated support, then distributing them at the top of a second column, letting them fall countercurrent to a second colder gaseous current while their grain-from-grain separation, to recover the heat of the solid heated particles.The invention also proposes a device for using the process.

Abstract: In apparatus and method for treating granular product within a cylindrical chamber as the product, by the force of gravity, falls through a plurality of regions maintained at varying temperature and pressure. Structure formed by at least a pair of collectors is connected tangentially to a housing surrounding the regions to withdraw gas from and reintroduce gas to the cylindrical chamber. Particularly gas is withdrawn from a lower region, treated by heating and dilution with flue gases prior to reintroduction. Movement of gas is provided by a ventilator which serves to draw fresh air into the cylindrical chamber from the vicinity of the lower region. The flow of gas, the temperature of the gas, and the pressure within the regions result in granular product first moving counter to the flow of gas, then with the flow of gas, and then counter to the flow of gas. The granular product is heated, maintained at a heated temperature, and cooled within these flows.

Abstract: A preheater in the form of a vertical column for treating a vitrifiable composition introduced into the column at the top and which moves through the column by the force of gravity. The vitrifiable composition, which ultimately moves from the column to feed a glass-smelting furnace is treated through heat exchange with hot gases from a regenerator or recuperator of the smelting furnace which move upwardly through the column, against the flow of the vitrifiable composition. An element is located within the column to form a mixing chamber for hot gases within the region of the element and an upper sloping alignment of the vitrifiable composition which takes shape below the element, as well as to provide means for decelerating movement of the vitrifiable composition within the region of the axis of the column so that movement of the vitrifiable composition throughout the cross section of the column is substantially uniform.

Abstract: The invention covers a fluidizing grid capable of high temperature operation, comprising a series of vertical fluidizing tubes attached to a support. This grid comprises a metal tank on the bottom of which are attached metal fluidizing tubes, of equal length, protruding an equal amount from the bottom to thereby allow a layer of particles to rest on the bottom of the tank and form a thermal screen.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for distributing solid particles of the type having a stationary sub-assembly for feeding particles, and positioned at its lower portion, a rotary sub-assembly for distributing the particles, wherein the rotary distribution sub-assembly includes an axial gas feed conduit (10) configured and dimensioned to exit a fluidization gas under a fluidization grate (20) positioned in the lower portion of a centrally located vat (16). The upper peripheral portions of the vat have connected thereto a plurality of radially extending particle distribution conduits (34). All but one of the distribution conduits (34) are generally straight and are of different lengths. These conduits (34) are connected to the vat at approximately the same vertical level and are slanted approximately equally downwardly about 30.degree.. One of the distribution conduits (34.sup.a) is configured to contain a bend so as to direct solid particles toward the rotational axis of the rotary distribution sub-assembly.