Abstract: An apparatus for forming films by evaporation in vacuum has a chamber for evaporating a coating material containing a coating material (10), and a heating element (2) positioned outside this chamber. A collimating chamber (3), which is identically constructed, communicates with the chamber (1), and each of the chambers (1,3) has a pair of ports (4, 5) aligned on an axis (8), a socket pipe (6,7) being received in one of the ports, respectively, the socket pipe (6) of the evaporation chamber (1) being received in the port (5) of the collimating chamber (3), the evaporation chamber (1) having a sealing member (9) provided in the other port (4) of the chamber (1).

Abstract: A vibratory pipe wrench includes a hollow handle provided with a fit-on movable jaw and a vibrator, the vibrator being electrically connected to an alternating voltage generator and having a gripping jaw adapted to interact with a pipe being handled, in conjunction with the fit-on movable jaw, the vibrator being movable along the longitudinal axis of the handle, the handle having an additional gripping jaw adapted to interact with the pipe when the vibrator is moved deeper into the hollow interior of the handle, the wrench further including a feedback circuit which electrically interconnects the vibrator and the generator.

Abstract: An evaporator for depositing films in a vacuum consisting of a crucible for containing an evaporant and adapted to be heated by a heater. A tube is provided for forming a directional flow of evaporant toward a substrate. The tube has a mounting structure at both ends so that the tube can be alternately mounted in the crucible at each end about a transverse symmetry plane.