Abstract: The invention relates to metallic substrates surface coated with a coating layer comprising a metal and an additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor and inhibitor provided within a coating material for coating a metal, particularly but not exclusively steel. The corrosion inhibitor in a coating particularly protects a sacrificial coating such as zinc or zinc alloy on galvanised steel which in turn therefore provides improved corrosion resistance to the underlying steel. According to an aspect of the invention there is a corrosion inhibitor provided in a polymer binder, the corrosion inhibitor comprising an organic ion in an ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor and inhibitor provided within a coating material for coating a metal, particularly but not exclusively steel. The corrosion inhibitor in a coating particularly protects a sacrificial coating such as zinc or zinc alloy on galvanised steel which in turn therefore provides improved corrosion resistance to the underlying steel. According to an aspect of the invention there is a corrosion inhibitor provided in a polymer binder, the corrosion inhibitor comprising an organic ion in an ion exchange resin.

Abstract: Polynucleotides and vectors comprising an expressible nucleic acid flanked by a 5? extended methylation-free CpG island and a 3? selectable marker element are disclosed. Such polynucleotides and vectors provide a means for obtaining high levels of expression of the flanked expressible nucleic acid. Preferred embodiments include combinations of 5? extended methylation-free CpG islands and 3? antibiotic resistance genes.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetic elements capable of improving the levels of expression of operably-linked transcription units. In particular, said genetic elements are derived from the 5? untranslated regions of ribosomal protein genes and may comprise a CpG island. Also provided are vectors and host cells comprising said genetic elements and methods of use to obtain high levels of recombinant gene expression.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetic elements capable of improving the levels of expression of operably-linked transcription units. In particular, said genetic elements are derived from the 5? untranslated regions of ribosomal protein genes and may comprise a CpG island. Also provided are vectors and host cells comprising said genetic elements and methods of use to obtain high levels of recombinant gene expression.

Abstract: The invention comprises novel polynucleotides, and related vectors, host cells, methods, and compositions, containing transcriptional enhancers providing very high levels of expression of operably-linked expressible nucleic acid sequences in eukaryotic cells. Advantageously the enhancers may be used in combination with their naturally-associated promoters and/or other genetic elements that increase transcription. The invention comprises eukaryotic expression vectors that are capable of providing increased levels of expression in many cell types over that obtainable from human or murine CMV IE enhancer/promoter elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to genetic elements capable of improving the levels of expression of operably-linked transcription units. In particular, said genetic elements are derived from the 5? untranslated regions of ribosomal protein genes and may comprise a CpG island. Also provided are vectors and host cells comprising said genetic elements and methods of use to obtain high levels of recombinant gene expression.

Abstract: The invention relates to host cells and methods of preparing a substantially RNA-free cellular component, comprising culturing cells producing the cellular component in a medium and lysing the cells to produce a cell lysate, wherein the cell lysate contains the cellular component and sufficient RNase activity to degrade substantially all of the RNA molecules present in the cell lysate. The invention also relates to substantially RNA-free cellular components.

Abstract: Polynucleotides and vectors comprising an expressible nucleic acid flanked by a 5′ extended methylation-free CpG island and a 3′ selectable marker element are disclosed. Such polynucleotides and vectors provide a means for obtaining high levels of expression of the flanked expressible nucleic acid. Preferred embodiments include combinations of 5′ extended methylation-free CpG islands and 3′ antibiotic resistance genes.

Abstract: SnO.sub.2 gas sensors are described incorporating Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 in an amount less than 35% but sufficient to confer hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity to the sensors described comprises 25% by weight Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and incorporates a platinum catalyst.

Abstract: Tin oxide sensors are made by mixing antimony bearing material with tin oxide powder and formation of the sensor by deposition of a slurry of the mixture onto a substrate and drying and sintering the slurry, the antimony bearing material being present in an amount sufficient to render the sensitivity of the sensor to one or more of the gases H.sub.2, CO, or CH.sub.4 , relatively independent of the concentration of oxygen in the range P.sub.O2 10.sup.-1 -1 atm. A further type of a tin oxide gas sensor is disclosed having a resistivity that at a measuring temperature increases with concentration of at least one gas to be measured, the sensor is made by calcining the tin oxide in air at a temperature in excess of 1400.degree. C., or otherwise treating the tin oxide so that it has a state of physical aggregation consistent with being formed in such manner. At a second measuring temperature the resistivity of the sensor to said one gas decreases with increasing gas concentration.