Abstract: Scale buildup on the heating element of an electric water heater or industrial process boiler is minimized by directing one or more jets of incoming water or other fluid onto the heating element. Optionally the fluid is pretreated by the induced electric field of an electronic descaling unit. The pretreated water produces soft scale that can easily be removed by a jet of fluid. Preferably a series of fluid jets, from a perforated pipe, are directed at the electric heating element. Also provided is a deflection panel to redirect the jets of water back toward the heating element, thus improving the scrubbing action for removing accumulating scale.

Abstract: A solenoid coil includes a substantially parallel plurality of conductors on a flexible base. The flexible base is wound around a water pipe, body part or the like to provide a field for the treatment of fluids therein. An alignment mechanism is provided to substantially align a first level of parallel conductors to the next level of parallel conductors above the first level. Each wrap of the flexible base provides a number of conductor turns equal to the number of parallel conductors. In a second embodiment, a substantially parallel first plurality of conductors and a substantially parallel second plurality of conductors are disposed on a flexible base. A return conductor is provided on the flexible base to connect the first plurality of conductors to the second plurality of conductors. When wound around a fluid carrying pipe, the return conductor is disposed up flow (i.e.