Abstract: A crystal freezing apparatus in accordance with the invention includes a first chamber for receiving a macromolecular structure and a second chamber which includes a cryogenic liquid holder. Gas inlets are provided for introducing a defined gas, such as Xenon at an elevated pressure, into both chambers. Introduction of the defined gas into the first chamber, enables atoms of the defined gas to enter void spaces in or onto the surface of the macromolecular structure while it is held in the first chamber. A valve structure is provided to connect the first and second chambers. A push rod assembly enables movement of the macromolecular structure from the first chamber to the second chamber, via the valve structure, all while under the influence of the defined gas. Once the macromolecular structure enters the second chamber, it is immersed into a cryogenic liquid so as to freeze the macromolecular structure with its included atoms of the defined gas.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a metalized via hole used when mounting and connecting semiconductor chips, such as microwave chips, digital chips, analog chips and the like, on a top portion of a metalized carrier substrate is described herein. Each chip includes electrical circuitry on a top portion thereof with the circuitry connected to one end of a transmission line. Another end of the transmission line is connected to a metalized via hole. The via hole passes from the top portion of the chip to a bottom portion of the chip. The chip when mounted on the substrate is positioned over the top portion of the substrate and lowered thereon either by hand or with a mechanical chip carrying device. The bottom portion of the metalized via hole is indexed over a top of one end of a transmission line on the top portion of the substrate with the indexing tolerance between the two interfacing surfaces in a range of 0.5 to 10 mils.

Abstract: A balustrade handrail entry housing is provided for a balustrade having a base, a handrail, and a balustrade panel. The balustrade entry housing includes a frame, a shell, a channel formed within the frame for receiving the balustrade panel, apparatus for clamping the balustrade panel in the channel, and a face plate having apparatus for mounting a safety device for sensing obstructions entering the handrail entry housing around the handrail. The frame is independent of the balustrade base and the balustrade panel, and therefore may be positionally adjusted relative to both. The shell, which is independent of the frame, mounts on and is supported by the frame. The shell may be positionally adjusted relative to the balustrade base and balustrade panel.

Abstract: A handrail entry safety device including a collar and a base is provided for a balustrade having an enclosure and a handrail. The base includes an upper section and a lower section, the latter having a seat for receiving the collar. The upper section is hingedly attached to the lower section above where the handrail enters the safety device, thereby enabling the lower section and the collar to pivot together.

Abstract: Escalator steps are attached to their step axles by means of C-shaped clamps which are pivotally mounted on the steps and rotatable thereon to clamping positions where they embrace and clamp the step axles to the steps. One end of the clamp is then bolted to the step so that the clamp pivot pin and bolt will secure the clamps against the step axles. A cam profile is formed on a finger on the clamp, which cam profile guides the step axles into engagement with the step and clamp. A wrench-guiding tube is fixed to the step above the clamp bolt to hold the latter on the step and to ensure engagement between the bolt and an Allen wrench or other tool inserted through the step tread to bolt the clamp in place.

Abstract: A handrail entry guard is provided having a pair of symmetrically opposed elastomeric halves for substantially surrounding a handrail of a balustrade when the guard is in a normal position. Each half includes a rear edge, a forward edge, and a top surface. The forward edge extends from the top surface to the rear edge along an arcuate path.

Abstract: An induction proximity sensor 26 is wider than a normal gap between moving escalator steps 10, 12 so that the inductive proximity sensor 26 is always in front of one step or another and provides a constant signal, when steps 10, 12 are passing the inductive proximity sensor 26, and stops the steps 18, 12, 14, 16 when the inductive proximity sensor 26 detects no steps.

Abstract: Motion of the moving handrail of an escalator or moving walkway is interrupted in the event that a foreign object is carried into the handrail reentry housing area on the handrail. Handrail movement stops independently of movement of the conveyor steps, so that the handrail will stop even as the steps are still decelerating as a result of an appropriate signal from a reentry housing foreign object sensor. The handrail will be reset for further motion after the steps stop but will not commence further movement until the steps are intentionally restarted.

Abstract: A glass escalator balustrade is mounted in an extruded metal channel which is secured to the escalator truss. Closed cell foam strips are disposed in contact with the balustrade panels. The strips insulate the balustrade from noises produced by the operating components of the escalator thereby rendering the escalator quieter for passengers. A layer of the sound insulating fiberglass nylon insulation is also adhered to the underside of the inner deck panels to insulate the latter from noise produced by the step rollers and step roller tracks.

Abstract: The handrail reentry housing on an escalator or moving walkway is provided with a set of journaled rollers which are disposed adjacent to each of the exposed surfaces of the handrail. The rollers are spaced apart slightly from the handrail, and are formed from a low coefficient of friction material such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. The rollers are freely rotatable and do not contact the moving handrail, therefore objects that may enter the space between the handrail and the reentry housing can be quickly and easily withdrawn without becoming entrapped therein.

Abstract: An optical fiber (28) disposed at the entry edge (32) of an escalator handrail guard (22) receives light from an LED (38), the magnitude of which is sensed by a detector (40), the output of which is compared (48) to determine whether its magnitude is sufficient to indicate the lack of intrusion of objects into the guard (22); if not a relay (56, 58) will drop power to the motor (62).

Abstract: The guide rail for a moving handrail on an escalator or moving walkway is mounted on a glass balustrade by a mount assembly which includes a vibration-isolating gasket between the balustrade and the guide rail. The gasket is preferably formed from a closed cell foam material which isolates vibrations so that vibrations of the guide rail and handrail engendered by operation of the handrail do not cause the glass balustrade to vibrate. Controlling vibration of the glass balustrade quiets the escalator since the glass, if allowed to vibrate, will act as a loudspeaker which magnifies and broadcasts escalator handrail noise.

Abstract: The step axle of an escalator is made with an inner, higher strength core piece and an outer, lower strength sleeve. The core is telescoped into the sleeve with opposite ends of the core projecting beyond corresponding outer ends of the sleeve. The step chains and step chain rollers are mounted on the harder outer ends of the core. The higher strength of the core prevents deformation of the composite axle from stresses imparted to the ends of the axle by the chains and rollers. The sleeve with its reinforcement of the core prevents the axle from bending in its center section when loads from the escalator steps are transmitted to the step axle from passengers on the escalator.

Abstract: The skirt and deck panels of an escalator or moving walkway are edge-lapped, and are detachably secured together by a plurality of screws and quarter turn locking nuts. The deck panels are provided with a series of round, spaced-apart screw holes, and the skirt panels are provided with a plurality of elongated slots which allow flexible alignment with the screw holes. Position stops are mounted on the ends of the screws to ensure that the locking nuts will repeatedly swing to their locking positions when the panels are secured together. The panels can thus easily be disassembled and reassembled in the field by service personnel.

Abstract: The moving handrail on an escalator or moving walkway is first tightened on its guide rail to the extent necessary to eliminate substantially all handrail slack in the handrail loop. Thereafter, the handrail is loosened so as to impart optimum slack thereto whereby handrail friction and heat is minimized during operation of the escalator or moving walkway.

Abstract: The step skirts and inner deck panels are fixed against outward deflection by a series of spacer pins which abut the balustrade mounting assembly beneath the deck panels, and which are secured to the skirt and deck panels. When the escalator is erected, the skirt and deck panels will be set relative to the sides of the steps so as to obtain the appropriate gap between the steps and the skirts. An overlapping portion of the deck and skirt panels is formed with an aperture, and a guide sleeve is fixed to the inner surface of the skirt panels in registry with the aperture. A pin is then pushed through the aperture and sleeve until it comes in contact with the balustrade mount assembly. The pin is then secured to the deck and skirts, and prevents deflection of the deck and skirts toward the balustrade mount assembly.

Abstract: The handrail reentry guard housing on a moving walkway or an escalator is provided with a retrofittable shield which is attached to the underside of the guard housing, and which fills the space between the moving handrail and the guard housing. The shield is formed from complimentary halves which are made from formed plastic sheets. The shield halves are somewhat flexible so as not to form a rigid counterpart to the moving handrail. Hook and loop components are secured to the guard housing and to the shield halves to allow for retrofit securement of the shield to the guard housing.