Abstract: The invention generally relates to a modem connected via a digital interface to a switched public telephone network and to a method for probing the line properties. The modem communicates with a second modem also connected via a digital interface to the same switched public telephone network. The public telephone network may incorporate voice compression devices (ADPCM G.726, G.723 etc.), digital pads (digital attenuators), robbed bit signalling and echo cancelling devices. The probing sequence of the invention uses large amplitude changes in a symbol sequence (each symbol having a duration of 125 ?s). After that single amplitude change, the signal may return to the previous value or continue with the new amplitude value for a number of symbols. The number of symbols is selected to be larger than any expected impulse response of a digital impairment of the channel.

Abstract: The communications system has a transmission network for transmitting useful data and control data. Call numbers are input at a subscriber terminal. A subscriber line unit with an adjustable transmission characteristic is connected between the subscriber terminal and the transmission network. A recognition unit connected to the transmission network recognizes particular call number patterns and outputs particular control signals corresponding to call number patterns. A control unit connected between the recognition unit and the subscriber line unit sets the transmission characteristic of the subscriber line unit depending on the control signals provided by the recognition unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion comprising, as an active ingredient, &agr;-tocopherol or the stereoisomers thereof and comprising, as an emulsifier, phospholipids. The inventive emulsion is used in order to attain a protective action against damages to human organs resulting from peroxidation. The emulsion contains a &agr;-tocopherol content, with regard to action, of 1.48 g/l to 30 g/l RRR-g(a)-tocopherol, 0-25 g/l of an oil which is compatible with I.V. administration, and 0.25 g/l to 3 g/l of a phospholipid. The emulsion is preferably administered as an infusion and is especially used to reduce damages resulting from peroxidation due to ischemia and /or reperfusion and, among other things, during an organ transplantation.

Abstract: Codec circuit for increasing the data transmission rate in a modem transmission with a first programmable digital filter (13) which is connected into a transmission signal path of the Codec circuit, a second programmable digital filter (22) which is connected into a reception signal path of the Codec circuit, a modem signal detection device (31) for detecting whether the transmission signal which is output on the transmission signal path or the reception signal which is received on the reception signal path is a modem signal, the modem signal detection device (31) switching the first and second digital filters (13, 22) to a widened filter bandwidth when a modem signal is detected.

Abstract: Digital code words are transmitted via a digital communication network, e.g. from a digital modem (1) to an analog modem (5). Whenever an RBS technique is used for an RBS channel, a given bit, as a rule the LSB, of a corresponding code word is changed. In order to recognize and correct such RBS channels, training code words transmitted during a training phase are evaluated. If an RBS channel is detected, the given bit of the corresponding code word is set to a fixed value.

Abstract: Codec circuit for increasing the data transmission rate in a modem transmission with a first programmable digital filter (13) which is connected into a transmission signal path of the Codec circuit, a second programmable digital filter (22) which is connected into a reception signal path of the Codec circuit, a modem signal detection device (31) for detecting whether the transmission signal which is output on the transmission signal path or the reception signal which is received on the reception signal path is a modem signal, the modem signal detection device (31) switching the first and second digital filters (13, 22) to a widened filter bandwidth when a modem signal is detected.

Abstract: The S0-interface for ISDN base access connects a four-wire line with a receiver line pair and a transmitter line pair to an ISDN terminal device, subject to potential separation within the interface. Each of the receiver lines has a respective capacitor for potential separation and the transmitter lines have a transformer. An inductance is connected into each receiver line and each transmitter line on the interface side. Preferably, the receiver line pair is connected to a voltage amplifier on the device side. The voltage amplifier has a voltage amplification in the same ratio as the voltage amplification of the transformer in the transmitter line pair.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for supplying the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines intended for vehicle operation having, in addition to a fuel quantity regulating device operative in accordance with operating parameters of the engine, an adjusting device in which in accordance with an anti-buckling signal obtained from fast relative movements on the vehicle the fuel supply quantity of the fuel injection pump is varied in phase opposition to the acceleration event triggering the bucking. This adjustment is accomplished in accordance with the invention by intervention with a setting device of the fuel injection pump, by means of which device the basic setting of the fuel supply quantity is adjusted independently of the supply quantity varied by the fuel quantity regulating device.

Abstract: A fuel-injection pump comprises a pump cylinder, a pump plunger formed with a first relief duct opening into a working space and also opening radially at a first outlet opening into a relief space, and a drive for periodically rotating and axially reciprocating the plunger. An annular slide on the plunger can cover the first outlet opening so that a speed controller can axially shift the slide and thereby vary the venting of the working space into the relief space. An annular groove formed in the cylinder opens inward toward the plunger and a second outlet opening from the first relief duct also opens at the groove. A second relief duct formed in the plunger and opening at a respective second outlet opens at the groove and the second outlet openings are relatively spaced such that during a partial stroke of the pump plunger they communicate with each other via the groove.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines having an electromagnetic final control element, which in order to adjust the end or onset of injection engages a control slide, located in the pump interior. Via a control shaft, the final control element chamber is hermetically sealed off from the pump interior in order to keep water contained in the fuel from reaching current-carrying parts of the final control element. As a result, fluid communication exists only via the bearing gap of the slide bearing of the control shaft and the bearing gap functions as a throttle. The throttle forms a water separator, which further reduces the concentration of water in the already small quantity of fuel reaching the final control element chamber through the throttle.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump of a distributor injection pump type in which a quantity adjusting device is an annular slide that is axially displaceable on a fuel injection quantity regulator and which can additionally be rotated by a torque device. With the aid of this torque device, the control effectiveness of a second control edge, for instance in the form of a rectangular groove is controlled. The torque device is equipped with a clutch, which is embodied either via a spring or via a cam race. The torque device is actuated via an adjusting lever connected to the annular slide adjusting lever that serves to arbitrarily vary the fuel injection quantity at the direction of the driver of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump of the distributor pump type having a pump piston driven for simultaneous reciprocation and rotation, the supply quantity of which that is effective for injection is controlled by the opening of a relief conduit of the pump work chamber in that with the aid of a mechanical regulator an annular slide is moved into variable stroke positions on the pump piston. Additionally, for an electronic regulation of the total injection quantity, a pre-stroke (hv) is provided, which is determined by a first valve and which, under the control of a second, electrically controlled valve connected to the output side of the first valve, is added to the basic supply stroke in a variably effective manner in terms of injection. Thus the fuel injection quantity can be regulated within the context of the fuel injection quantity difference resulting from the pre-stroke.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines is proposed having a hydraulic instant-of-injection adjuster, which is exposed to an rpm-dependent pressure formed with the aid of a pressure control valve; the control of the pressure control valve is effected by means of variations of the control pressure acting upon it. This control is accomplished with the aid of at least one electrically controlled valve which is controlled by a control device in accordance with operating parameters. In this cost-efficient manner, the correct adjustment of the instant of injection can be established very precisely over the entire operating range of the engine, including the warm-up phase, at varying operating conditions.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump of the distributor type in which to attain low injection rates in the idling range, longitudinal slits or longitudinal conduits are provided in the jacket face of the pump piston in accordance with the number of supply strokes of the pump piston. The slits or conduits are in continuous communication with an annular groove and the adjoining annular slide which is the quantity adjusting device of the fuel injection pump. The slits on conduits come in turn into communication with a control opening during the supply stroke of the pump piston via which opening the pump work chamber can be relieved whenever in the course of the pump piston stroke movement a second outlet opening of a relief conduit extending in the pump piston and communicating with the pump work chamber, comes into communication with the annular groove.

Abstract: An adjusting apparatus for the injection onset of a fuel injection pump includes a spring-loaded adjusting piston which shifts a rotationally adjustable roller ring of a cam drive of an injection pump relatively toward an associated revolving portion in a direction of an early or late injection onset. The adjusting piston defines two control pressure chambers, both of which are acted upon by the supply pressure, of a fuel feed pump which rises as a function of rpm. One chamber can be pressure-relieved via an overpressure valve and the pressure in the other chamber is controlled via a switching valve which is controlled in accordance with temperature. In the control pressure chambers, springs are provided to act upon the adjusting piston and to counteract the pressure in the respective chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines is proposed wherein control over the injected fuel quantity is exercised by regulating the outlet (C) of a second relief line (33) of the working space (5) of the fuel injection pump by means of a control edge (25) positionable as a function of load and/or speed in the part-load range, and optionally of the first outlet cross-sectional area (D), displaced along the stroke, of a first relief line (15). In full-load operation, the effective length of the delivery stroke is limited by opening a relief opening (E) carried by the pumping plunger at a control edge (9). To obtain delivery at reduced fuel injection rate, especially at no load or low load, over as long a stroke length (h.sub.L) as possible, fuel-quantity control is effected, first, with respect to the duration of injection, by means of the control edge (25) which controls the outlet (C), and secondly, by opening, at a constant point along the stroke, the relief opening (E).

Abstract: A fuel injection pump which has a shutoff device for the fuel supply to the pump work chamber, comprising a magnetic valve, which controls an intake bore to the work chamber of the fuel injection pump. The fuel injection pump further has a relief conduit, which is connected by an annular slide on the pump piston with the suction chamber in order to terminate the effective supply stroke of the pump piston. In order to assure reliable shutoff of the fuel supply to the pump work chamber, a check valve is further disposed in the connection between the pump work chamber and the suction chamber, which check valve is closed, during the intake stroke of the pump piston, with the collaboration of the pressure drop from the suction chamber to the pump work chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump including a control device is proposed in which a control lever which determines the fuel injection quantity is placed at an adjustable spring which is not supported by the main power source of a governor lever. The control lever is subjected to lesser forces provided by the intended auxiliary springs, starting springs or idling springs.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for Diesel internal combustion engines, particularly vehicle Diesel engines, is proposed which has a full-load stop dependent on atmospheric pressure. The position of the full-load stop which adapts the injection quantity to the variable ambient air pressure is derived from an air pressure adjusting member and transmitted onto the full-load stop via a transmission member. A locking mechanism, which locks the transmission device in a plurality of positions counter to the force exerted by the full-load stop, is associated with the transmission member. The transmission member has two disks draggably coupled within a predetermined range, one of which disks is actuated by the air pressure adjusting member and the other of which disks cooperates with the full-load stop. The draggable coupling effects an adjustment of the full-load stop, if the full-load stop is relaxed, so that the air pressure adjusting member need exert no more than a small adjusting force.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump has a stepped piston operatively disposed in a stepped bore so as to define a first pump work chamber and a second pump work chamber. A constant fuel injection quantity (h.sub.FE) is pumped to the second work chamber per pump piston stroke, and a variable fuel injection quantity is pumped out of the first pump work chamber to a common distributor groove which actuates delivery of the fuel to individual injection lines.