Abstract: An ultrasound signal is transmitted into the center of the bladder. The received backscatter information is gated so that the data which remains is from a sample volume within the bladder and does not include information from the front or back walls and surrounding tissues of the bladder. The backscatter information is then compared with a preestablished threshold value. If the received backscatter is above a threshold value, it is indicative of a possible urinary tract infection, and an alarm is transmitted to the user.

Abstract: The automatic bladder scanning apparatus includes a transducer assembly (30), which includes a plurality of individual transducer elements (32). A first plurality of transducer elements are connected into an approximately circular or octagonal arrangement to produce a transmitted signal beam. The data transmission signal is pseudo-random. The returning echo signal is received by another plurality of transducer elements arranged in a preselected pattern. One receiving pattern includes two orthogonal sets of linear arrays, while the other receiving pattern involves an octagonal arrangement. The received signals from the second plurality of transducer elements are processed to form a composite received signal. The composite received signal is then further processed to produce information concerning the three dimension image of the bladder, which information is then used to calculate the bladder volume.

Abstract: A current sensing buffer 26 for driving a digital signal line of a unit under test 12 is composed of current mirror circuits in series with output switching transistors supplying test signals to the digital signal line. The current mirror circuits 66, 72 and 80, 84 generate sample currents corresponding to the magnitude of current through the respective drivers 68 and 78 to detect drive faults caused by bus or component failures. In buses comprised of several digital signal lines, one current sensing buffer 26 is used per line, and each curent sensing buffer 26 is controlled by a programmable circuit tester 10. The current sensing buffer 26 can be incorporated into an interface pod 14 which is substituted for a control component of a unit under test 12.