Abstract: An apparatus includes a global synchronization interface and multiple modules. The global synchronization interface includes a global synchronization driver for driving a global synchronization signal. The modules include corresponding local synchronization interfaces, each local synchronization interface having a local synchronization driver for driving a local synchronization signal. In a local mode, the modules ignore the global synchronization signal and synchronize corresponding operations according to the local synchronization signal and a global reference signal. In a global mode, the modules ignore the local synchronization signal and synchronize the corresponding operations according to the global synchronization signal and the global reference signal.

Abstract: Data values representing the (I2+Q2) values are converted to floating-point representations and a histogram of the floating-point numbers is generated. The count for each histogram bin in the histogram is stored in a memory. Each floating-point number acts as an address for a corresponding histogram bin in the memory. The accumulated counts in the histogram bins are then grouped into a desired number of CCDF bins, and the CCDF curve is derived from the histogram data. Grouping the histogram bins into the CCDF bins may include combining one or more histogram bins into a single CCDF bin. Linear interpolation is used to divide a count value in a histogram bin between two CCDF bins when the histogram bin does not align with a single CCDF bin.

Abstract: In generating, transmitting, and receiving data signals, various forms of complex modulation formats are often used and the signals are most often processed as two component (I, Q) signals. Such modulated signals are subject to a variety of impairments due to imperfections in the various elements in the transmission chain. For the large class of essentially linear impairment processes, the impairments may be removed with compensating filters, one filter being assigned to each impairment. In this invention, the generalized filter, a new class of two-channel filters for compensating impairments, is disclosed. Compared with previous two-channel filters, which are characterized by two impulse responses, the generalized filter is characterized by four such impulse responses. This filter can simultaneously compensate a plurality of diverse impairments.