Abstract: A one-piece, metal, reinforced-end battery cell spacer. The spacer replaces battery cells within a battery cell array, such as a lithium battery cell array. This permits a reduction in the power density and weight of the array by providing a rigid spacer to prevent movement of the battery cells relative to each other.

Abstract: A tamper evident metal foil closure for a container which provides visual evidence of tampering in the form of damage to the metal foil (e.g. tearing) and evidence of temperature tampering of the metal foil when heat is used to remove and reseal the metal foil. Containers sealed with this novel metal foil closure make it more difficult to tamper with or remove the container contents and then return the container for a refund.

Abstract: A spring assembly is provided which decreases the fatigue and wear on the springs of the assembly. The spring assembly includes upper and lower pistons separated by a substantially incompressible fluid. The lower piston is attached to one or more springs. The surface area of the upper surface of the lower piston is greater than the surface area of the lower surface of the upper piston. As such, the springs are deflected by a distance less than the distance traveled by the upper piston. By decreasing the length the springs are compressed, the springs are subject to less fatigue and wear. As a result, the life span of the springs is increased and the maintenance required of the spring assembly is minimized relative to that of typical spring assemblies.

Abstract: A thinned metal can end having a non-uniform thickness profile is provided. The can end has a central panel having at least a first thickness, a middle portion having at least a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and an end portion having at least a third thickness greater than the first and second thicknesses. The can end is configured to be joined to a can wall by a double seam.

Abstract: A spring assembly is provided which decreases the fatigue and wear on the springs of the assembly. The spring assembly includes upper and lower pistons separated by a substantially incompressible fluid. The lower piston is attached to one or more springs. The surface area of the upper surface of the lower piston is greater than the surface area of the lower surface of the upper piston. As such, the springs are deflected by a distance less than the distance traveled by the upper piston. By decreasing the length the springs are compressed, the springs are subject to less fatigue and wear. As a result, the life span of the springs is increased and the maintenance required of the spring assembly is minimized relative to that of typical spring assemblies.

Abstract: A thinned metal can end having a non-uniform thickness profile is provided. The can end has a central panel having at least a first thickness, a middle portion having at least a second thickness greater than the first thickness, and an end portion having at least a third thickness greater than the first and second thicknesses. The can end is configured to be joined to a can wall by a double seam.

Abstract: A temperature changing container includes a plurality of walls joined to form an enclosure which seals contents of the enclosure within the walls. One of the walls includes a depression extending into the enclosure. Upon activation, chemicals at least partially disposed within the depression change temperature.

Abstract: A temperature changing container includes a plurality of walls joined to form an enclosure which seals contents of the enclosure within the walls. One of the walls includes a depression extending into the enclosure. Upon activation, chemicals at least partially disposed within the depression change temperature.