Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating an automation system and automation system operating according to the method, wherein an application to be executed on the automation system is available in an encapsulated form in a container. In the event that the application encapsulated in the container requires kernel mode software, a host extender executed on the automation system uses metadata included in the container to load the required kernel mode software from a database having kernel mode software and install the software locally on the automation system. In the event of an identified incompatibility on the automation system, the host extender installs a virtual machine, loads the container, which led to the incompatibility, onto the virtual machine and loads the kernel mode software required by the application contained by the container into the kernel of the virtual machine.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating an automation system and automation system operating according to the method, wherein an application to be executed on the automation system is available in an encapsulated form in a container. In the event that the application encapsulated in the container requires kernel mode software, a host extender executed on the automation system uses metadata included in the container to load the required kernel mode software from a database having kernel mode software and install the software locally on the automation system. In the event of an identified incompatibility on the automation system, the host extender installs a virtual machine, loads the container, which led to the incompatibility, onto the virtual machine and loads the kernel mode software required by the application contained by the container into the kernel of the virtual machine.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for energy-optimized data transmission by OPC UA protocol in radio networks is disclosed. When OPC UA communication is operated in a mobile device, e.g. as mobile access to part of a plant for maintenance, monitoring, parameterization, transmission is frequently implemented by the OPC UA's own request-response based communication behavior. Since the device is rarely able to switch off the transmitter, the battery of the device is very quickly discharged. This poses a problem, particularly in the case of devices that are intended to respond promptly to infrequent warnings or events. However, when a client device is intended to provide notification in relation to one event only, the previous polling, i.e. the periodic interrogation is dispensed with and an alternative notification through means inherent in the mobile network is used. This method uses, for example, a mobile push service supplied by the network provider.

Abstract: A method for connecting an Internet-of-Things device to a cloud service, wherein establishment of contact to a cloud service occurs via a contact device that includes an apparatus for detecting image and/or acoustic information which is orientated such that an apparatus for emitting optical and/or acoustic signals of the Internet-of-Things device is detectable optically and/or acoustically, transfer of device information of the Internet-of-Things device to an onboarding service of the cloud service is achieved via the apparatus for emitting the optical and/or acoustic signals and via the contact device, transfer of network configuration data to the onboarding service of the cloud service is performed via the contact device, a pairing connectivity file is created by the onboarding service, transfer of the pairing connectivity file to the Internet-of-Things device occurs via the contact device, and creation of the connection occurs from the Internet-of-Things device to the cloud service.

Abstract: An OPC UA client that consolidates transmission and reception times so as to extend the antenna amplifier pause times is disclosed. Thus, without requiring a change to the OPC UA protocol, data is sent exclusively at defined focusing times. No sending is meant to be necessary between these times. A set of requests is sent to the server at a particular time. The client then enters reception mode. The server handles the received requests periodically over time. When almost all requests have been handled, a new set of requests is made to the server again. Between these focusing times, the transmitter of the client/mobile device can be switched off completely and hence save power. The method disclosed is totally compatible at all levels of communication, both TCP stack, WLAN for instance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for energy-optimized data transmission by OPC UA protocol in radio networks is disclosed. When OPC UA communication is operated in a mobile device, e.g. as mobile access to part of a plant for maintenance, monitoring, parameterization, transmission is frequently implemented by the OPC UA's own request-response based communication behavior. Since the device is rarely able to switch off the transmitter, the battery of the device is very quickly discharged. This poses a problem, particularly in the case of devices that are intended to respond promptly to infrequent warnings or events. However, when a client device is intended to provide notification in relation to one event only, the previous polling, i.e. the periodic interrogation is dispensed with and an alternative notification through means inherent in the mobile network is used. This method uses, for example, a mobile push service supplied by the network provider.

Abstract: The invention substantially relates to a device and a method for the dynamic load management of cloud services. At least one cloud service can be used by a service client, and the service client has a load management adapter which exchanges messages comprising reservation feedback with a service load manager, said service load manager exchanging additional messages in the form of an execution plan with the cloud service. In this manner, a minimum number of physical IT resources is achieved to the greatest degree possible while simultaneously complying with the service-level agreements agreed upon beforehand, and denial-of-service false alarms due to high peak loads are prevented. The invention can be advantageously used for optimizing a routing plan.

Abstract: An autonomous network has a plurality of autonomous terminals, equipped with at least one programmable transceiver, and which are embodied to independently identify frequency ranges provided for a communication link and used to reconfigure the programmable transceiver thereof. One or more technical system states of the network, with which a specific operation of the network is described, is defined. One or more sets of rules are defined for the autonomous terminal, one rule comprising authorized operational states and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals. The effects of the actual operation state and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals on the actual system state of the network is monitored. The sets of rules and/or definition of new rules, which comprise actual operational states or configurations of the autonomous terminals, is adapted when the actual system state of the network differs from the defined system state of the network.

Abstract: A method for access control and session control of electrical producers and/or consumers in accessible energy transfer units is provided, wherein the producer or the consumer is authenticated and authorized at the energy transfer unit, and producer- or consumer-specific data are forwarded by the energy transfer unit to an energy provider after authentication and authorization of the producer or the consumer. A temporarily-valid session token is generated for the control of the energy transfer by the energy provider, and forwarded to the energy transfer unit and the producer or the consumer. Electrical energy is transferred between the energy transfer unit and the producer or the consumer, wherein in a defined time interval during the energy transfer process the session token is sent at least once by the energy transfer unit to the producer or the consumer and from the producer or the consumer to the energy transfer unit.

Abstract: According to the method for configuring an information system (1), components (2) are provided for the information system (1) and component-specific error susceptibility data (3) on the individual components (2). For a given system configuration (5), error susceptibility information (7) is determined for the information system (1) in this given system configuration (5) as a function of the component-specific error susceptibility data (3). The error susceptibility information (7) is evaluated with reference to given evaluation criteria (8). In a subsequent step, the information system (1) is configured in the given system configuration (5) if the error susceptibility information (7) satisfies the given evaluation criteria (8). By means of the method, it is achieved that only system configurations are accepted that satisfy requirements specified by the evaluation criteria (8) with respect to the reliability of the information system (1).

Abstract: A method for fault handling of a data processing unit is disclosed. The method includes automatic acquisition of input information and/or output information of a user at at least one user interface of the data processing unit; automatic detection of a fault message that indicates a fault of the data processing unit; transmission of the acquired fault message together with the input information and/or the output information to a fault handling center; and evaluation of the transmitted fault message in the fault handling center.

Abstract: A fault-tolerance management of a software component is disclosed. A number of instances of the software component are executed in at least somewhat different execution environments. A local error susceptibility register and a global error susceptibility register are assigned to each software component. An error of first instance of the software component is detected. The local error susceptibility register of the first instance is updated based on the detected error and the content of the local error susceptibility register of the first instance. The global error susceptibility register of each instance is also updated based on the detected error and the content of the global error susceptibility register of each instance. The difference between the respective local error susceptibility register and the respective global error susceptibility register is determined, and the fault tolerance value of the software component in the respective execution environment is determined based on the determined difference.

Abstract: An autonomous network has a plurality of autonomous terminals, equipped with at least one programmable transceiver, and which are embodied to independently identify frequency ranges provided for a communication link and used to reconfigure the programmable transceiver thereof. One or more technical system states of the network, with which a specific operation of the network is described, is defined. One or more sets of rules are defined for the autonomous terminal, one rule comprising authorized operational states and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals. The effects of the actual operation state and/or configurations of the autonomous terminals on the actual system state of the network is monitored. The sets of rules and/or definition of new rules, which comprise actual operational states or configurations of the autonomous terminals, is adapted when the actual system state of the network differs from the defined system state of the network.

Abstract: A fault-tolerance management of a software component is disclosed. A number of instances of the software component are executed in at least somewhat different execution environments. A local error susceptibility register and a global error susceptibility register are assigned to each software component. An error of first instance of the software component is detected. The local error susceptibility register of the first instance is updated based on the detected error and the content of the local error susceptibility register of the first instance. The global error susceptibility register of each instance is also updated based on the detected error and the content of the global error susceptibility register of each instance. The difference between the respective local error susceptibility register and the respective global error susceptibility register is determined, and the fault tolerance value of the software component in the respective execution environment is determined based on the determined difference.

Abstract: A method for fault handling of a data processing unit is disclosed. The method includes automatic acquisition of input information and/or output information of a user at at least one user interface of the data processing unit; automatic detection of a fault message that indicates a fault of the data processing unit; transmission of the acquired fault message together with the input information and/or the output information to a fault handling center; and evaluation of the transmitted fault message in the fault handling center.

Abstract: According to the method for configuring an information system (1), components (2) are provided for the information system (1) and component-specific error susceptibility data (3) on the individual components (2). For a given system configuration (5), error susceptibility information (7) is determined for the information system (1) in this given system configuration (5) as a function of the component-specific error susceptibility data (3). The error susceptibility information (7) is evaluated with reference to given evaluation criteria (8). In a subsequent step, the information system (1) is configured in the given system configuration (5) if the error susceptibility information (7) satisfies the given evaluation criteria (8). By means of the method, it is achieved that only system configurations are accepted that satisfy requirements specified by the evaluation criteria (8) with respect to the reliability of the information system (1).