Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for subjecting biological contaminated liquid fuels and/or liquids to an oscillating electric field for an extended duration within a treatment vessel that has a defined cavity having an insulating fill material encasing a number of insulating flow tubes each having at least one conductive body therein. The defined cavity also has one or more reservoirs in communication with the insulating flow tubes. An oscillating electric field is generated within the insulating flow tubes and reservoirs, whereby a biologically contaminated liquid fuel and/or lubricant is subjected to this oscillating electric field for an extended time to inhibit proliferation of these biological contaminants within the liquid fuels and/or lubricants.

Abstract: Electrostatic filters, systems and methods having separate positively and negatively charged filter elements within electrically isolated filter tanks for electrostatically filtering particles from a fluid flow. Both positive charged connections biased to earth ground and negative charged connections biased to earth ground are made to the respective positive and negative charged filter elements, along with triboelectric induced charge accumulations from the fluid flow, for separating charged particles within the fluid flowing parallel through these oppositely charged filter elements. Variable resistors of a power supply connected to such filters, systems and methods provide for controlling and adjusting for any undesired voltage excesses and/or shortfalls within these filter tanks so that the fluid flowing exiting these filter tanks is unbiased to generate a filtered fluid having balanced electrostatic charges.

Abstract: Electrostatic filters, systems and methods having separate positively and negatively charged filter elements within electrically isolated filter tanks for electrostatically filtering particles from a fluid flow. Both positive charged connections biased to earth ground and negative charged connections biased to earth ground are made to the respective positive and negative charged filter elements, along with triboelectric induced charge accumulations from the fluid flow, for separating charged particles within the fluid flowing parallel through these oppositely charged filter elements. Variable resistors of a power supply connected to such filters, systems and methods provide for controlling and adjusting for any undesired voltage excesses and/or shortfalls within these filter tanks so that the fluid flowing exiting these filter tanks is unbiased to generate a filtered fluid having balanced electrostatic charges.

Abstract: Electrostatic filters, systems and methods having separate positively and negatively charged filter elements within electrically isolated filter tanks for electrostatically filtering particles from a fluid flow. Both positive charged connections biased to earth ground and negative charged connections biased to earth ground are made to the respective positive and negative charged filter elements, along with triboelectric induced charge accumulations from the fluid flow, for separating charged particles within the fluid flowing parallel through these oppositely charged filter elements. Variable resistors of a power supply connected to such filters, systems and methods provide for controlling and adjusting for any undesired voltage excesses and/or shortfalls within these filter tanks so that the fluid flowing exiting these filter tanks is unbiased to generate a filtered fluid having balanced electrostatic charges.

Abstract: A device (10) for transferring electrostatic charge to particles in a liquid, including: at least one electrode structure (20) having at least one electrode plate, disposed in an electrically nonconductive conduit (24); a barrier structure (40) disposed in the electrically nonconductive conduit (24) and having at least one opening (42) defined therethrough though which the at least one opening at least some of the liquid flows; and a downstream end of the at least one electrode plate extends into and terminates in the at least one opening (42). A method of transferring electrostatic charge to particles in a liquid is also provided.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a sensor (10) for measuring magnitude and polarity of static charge on particles in a liquid, including: an electrically nonconductive conduit (26) through which the particles and the liquid can flow; a magnet (20) having first and second legs (22,24) with a gap therebetween, the gap being disposed in the conduit; and three electrodes (40, 42, 44) insulatedly disposed in the first leg and having distal ends protruding into the gap. A method of measuring magnitude and polarity of static charge on particles in a liquid is also provided.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, an apparatus for removing particles from a nonconductive liquid, including: first sensing apparatus to sense a first net electrostatic charge on the particles in the liquid and to provide a first output signal indicative of the first net electrostatic charge; control and power apparatus to receive the first output signal; charging apparatus connected to the control and power apparatus to provide positive and negative electrostatic charging potentials to the particles; mixing apparatus connected to the charging apparatus to receive the liquid therefrom and to permit oppositely charged and noncharged ones of the particles to flocculate; and separating apparatus to remove flocculated particles from the liquid.

Abstract: A method of teaching a student and using a computer game teaching system, a computer game and educational information contained in one or more tutorial modules. A plurality of questions contained in the tutorial module are presented to the student at pause points in the game, the scoring algorithm for the game is modified as a result of positive responses to the questions to permit higher probability of scoring in the game. The student's responses to the questions are stored in a scores database which is transmitted for analysis, at a central location which analyzes the responses from many students and prepares a report for transmittal to a parent or teacher to guide the student's further education.