Abstract: A process and apparatus for supplying a soluble metal compound to an electrolyte solution uses a powder wetting device in a loop from a working tank. The powder wetting machine supplies the powdered metal compound directly into the electrolyte solution which rapidly dissolves to replenish the electrolyte compound during the treating process. The process and apparatus are particularly suitable for replenishing the metal salts consumed during an electroplating process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for supplying a soluble metal compound to an electrolyte solution uses a powder wetting device in a loop from a working tank. The powder wetting machine supplies the powdered metal compound directly into the electrolyte solution which rapidly dissolves to replenish the electrolyte compound during the treating process. The process and apparatus are particularly suitable for replenishing the metal salts consumed during an electroplating process.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for pickling the surface of stainless steel strip feeds the stainless steel strip through a plurality of pickling tanks containing a hydrochloric acid pickling acid. The pickling acid bath is maintained at a temperature of at least about 40° C. An oxidizing agent is added to the acid solution in an amount to maintain at least about one third and preferably at least about half of the soluble iron in the form of ferric chloride based on the total amount of iron in the acid solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a soluble metal compound to an electrolyte solution uses a powder wetting device in a loop from a working tank. The powder wetting machine supplies the powdered metal compound directly into the electrolyte solution which rapidly dissolves to replenish the electrolyte compound during the treating process. The apparatus is particularly suitable for replenishing the metal salts consumed during an electroplating process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for electro-depositing of a material on at least one side of a metal strip. The apparatus includes at least one casing having a first container section adapted to store under pressure a liquid including the material, a second container adapted to receive a portion of the liquid from the first container section, and a panel. The panel includes an active portion that is electrically polarized at a first polarity, at least one first outlet through which the liquid stored under pressure in the first container section is output in a direction toward the metal strip when the metal strip is conveyed past the panel, and at least one second outlet through which the liquid stored in the second container section is output in a direction toward the conveyed metal strip. The first outlet can be a slit which extends at an angle with respect to the direction in which the strip is conveyed, and the second outlets can be slits which extend traverse to the direction in which the strip is conveyed.

Abstract: The invention refers to a process for production of raw stainless steel castings, in particular for stainless steel strip, covering rolling and annealing of cast material if required, as well as de-scaling, in particular by pickling in aqueous media, and coiling for raw stainless steel strip if necessary. In order to achieve greater flexibility as regards steel grades that can be treated and dimensions of the castings, the material is to be heat-treated in batches and preferably also annealed, cooled and de-scaled immediately after the final heat treatment stage, without intermediate storage, in batches. In a process covering the process stages for casting, rolling of the cast material if necessary, cooling, as well as de-scaling, in particular by pickling in aqueous media, and coiling, if necessary, to form raw stainless steel coils, the material is to be cast in batches and de-scaled immediately afterwards without intermediate storage in order to obtain the same advantage.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the electrolytical coating of an object of steel on one or both sides. Preferably, the object is a steel strip with zinc or a zinc iron alloy. Zinc or a zinc iron alloy is deposited on the object when the object is connected to form the cathode of a galvanic cell in an aqueous solution of zinc chloride and iron chloride with a pH of 0.1 to 3.0. The zinc chloride solution has a concentration of 50 to 1000 g/l for the deposition of metallic zinc. A partial flow of electrolyte solution is past continuously into a column filled with metallic zinc, where the trivalent iron formed there during the electrolysis is reduced to a bivalent iron, and metallic zinc is dissolved simultaneously therewith. The invention also describes an apparatus for the electrolytical coating of an object of steel.

Abstract: In a process and plant for pickling steel strip, a highly refined steel strip is delivered in the form of a coil, uncoiled by an uncoiling hasp 1 and advanced through at least one predescaling plant 3, pickling sections and a rinsing plant 7 to a recoiling hasp 9 or a transverse cutting plant. The strip is clamped to the recoiling hasp 9 ,--,--; recoiled and drawn solely thereby or in conjunction with other driven treatment rolls through the treatment plant or is cut into sheets by the transverse cutting plant. The plant comprises at least one elongated, preferably shallow pickling vat having a supporting structure of steel, glass fibre reinforced synthetic resin or polypropylene and a lining of acid and abrasion resistant material including PVC, carbon bricks, graphite filled and/or aluminium oxide filled polyester resin.

Abstract: In a process for the electrolytic zinc coating of high-grade steel on one and two sides, the latter is connected as a cathode in the form of a high-grade steel strip in a galvanic cell, and metallic zinc is deposited on the high-grade steel strip from an aqueous solution of a zinc salt with a pH value of 1.0 to 2.5, preferably 1.5 to 2.0, as a result of which a contact corrosion with zinc-coated metal sheet is avoided, which is particularly important in the motor-car industry.

Abstract: Process for pickling high-grade steel, preferably high-grade steel hot strip, the high-grade steel being subjected to pickling with neutral electrolyte as well as to an after-treatment with mixed acid, nitric acid or a mixture of iron fluoride and hydrofluoric acid, the pickling with neutral electrolyte being preceded by a pre-treatment with sulfuric acid.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a metal foil, the metal foil is deposited electrolytically on an endless carrier belt, preferably an endless metal belt, in one or more cells, the current density being set to different levels in the plurality of cells and/or within each individual cell. A post treatment of the meal foil manufactured takes place wholly or at least in part on the endless carrier belt, thereby metal foils, respectively metal composite foils can be manufactured at favorable cost and with low labor input.

Abstract: In a process for the electrolytic pickling of a high-grade steel strip, in particular a hot strip of high-grade steel, the hot strip of high-grade steel is alternately anodically and cathodically pickled in an aqueous solution of Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and subsequently in an aqueous solution of NaNO.sub.3 and NaF, as a result of which the formation of dangerous nitrous gases is prevented.

Abstract: In a process for the manufacture of a metal foil, the metal foil is deposited electrolytically on an endless carrier belt, preferably an endless metal belt, in one or more cells, the current density being set to different levels in the plurality of cells and/or within each individual cell. A post treatment of the metal foil manufactured takes place wholly or at least in part on the endless carrier belt, thereby metal foils, respectively metal composite foils can be manufactured at favorable cost and with low labor input.

Abstract: In a process for the electrolytic pickling of chromium-containing stainless steel, pickling proceeds initially in an aqueous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 solution and subsequently in acid, preferably mixed acid. The CrO.sub.4.sup.2- formed is converted by the addition of reducing agent and acid as a function of the pH value and the redox potential to Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.3).sub.3 or Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 serves as the acid and a substance is used as a reducing agent selected from the group Na.sub.x H.sub.y S.sub.z O.sub.v, wherein x=0 to 2, y=0 to 2, y=1 to 6 and v=2 to 6. The pH value is adjusted to less than three by the addition of acid.

Abstract: An incombustible building element with good thermal insulation properties produced by spraying granules of vermiculite with an organic binder, prepressing the coated granules into a biscuit and heating and pressing the biscuit in a press to transform it into a building material element.

Abstract: A process for the production of a building material element comprising spraying granules of vermiculite with an organic binder, prepressing the coated granules into a biscuit and heating and pressing the biscuit in a press to transform it into a building material element.