Abstract: This invention relates to microspheres produced by spray drying clay slurries and calcining the product to form attrition resistant microspheres. Phosphoric acid is injected in a neutral to mildly alkaline dispersed high solids kaolin slurry immediately before spray drying to improve properties of the microspheres.

Abstract: An in situ process for making improved zeolitic fluid cracking catalyst by spray drying a mixture of hydrous kaolin and spinel, essentially free from metakaolin, calcining the resulting microspheres to convert the hydrous kaolin to metakaolin, and reacting microspheres composed of a mixture of spinel and metakaolin forms of calcined clay with a seeded alkaline sodium silicate solution. The weight percent of hydrous kaolin in the starting (uncalcined) microspheres is greater than the spinel content.

Abstract: A composite fluid catalytic cracking catalyst comprising a non-zeolitic component of at least 45% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and containing .ltoreq.30% Y zeolite with unit cell size .ltoreq.24.29 .ANG., the matrix (non-zeolitic component) of said catalyst having a B.E.T. surface area .gtoreq.50 m.sup.2 /g and a catalyst Lewis/Bronsted acid site ratio of .gtoreq.1.5 wherein the total number of Bronsted acid sites is .ltoreq.30 micromoles/g of catalyst. The catalyst is used to increase the isobutylene and isoamylenes content of cracked products obtained in a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

Abstract: A novel shell-coated FCC catalyst is disclosed wherein the shell is a mixture of at least one refractory metal oxide or silicate or precursor thereof (preferably clay) having a particle size of 0.3 to 5 microns and an inorganic refractory binder (preferably silica) having a particle size of less than 0.01 microns and the core is a zeolite-containing microsphere.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons, particularly gas oil, are cracked to products boiling in the motor fuel range by using a catalyst mixture comprising zeolite Y and zeolite L. The catalyst of this invention results in obtaining a fuel having an increased octane number and suffering a smaller penalty with regard to yield relative to other octane additive systems.

Abstract: A novel shell-coated FCC catalyst is disclosed wherein the shell is a mixture of at least one refractory metal oxide or silicate or precursor thereof (preferably clay) having a particle size of 0.3 to 5 microns and an inorganic refractory binder (preferably silica) having a particle size of less than 0.01 microns and the core is a zeolite-containing microsphere. FCC with the shell coated catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalytic composition for use in fluid catalytic cracking has an effective heat capacity of at least about 0.29 BTU/lb. .degree.F. over the range from 950.degree. F. to 1300.degree. F. The composition may include microspheres containing in situ crystallized Y-faujasite and fluidizable particles consisting essentially of dimagnesium borate. The catalytic composition may include a heat retention component selected from the group consisting of dimagnesium borate, aluminum borate, magnesium tetraborate, magnesium orthoborate, lithim aluminum borate, lithium magnesium borate, lithium aluminum silicate, and lithium aluminate.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing with improved reaction kinetics and improved effective yields salicylamide compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of --H, --COC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 and --C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 wherein n is an integer with a value of from 1 through to about 15, R.sub.2 is a substituent selected from the group consisting of --H, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --F, --Cl, --Br, --I, --CF.sub.3, --CBr.sub.3, --CCl.sub.3, --CI.sub.3 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 is an R.sub.2 substituted heterocyclic compound selected (e.g.) from the group consisting of furan, thiazole, benzothiazole and purine which comprises reacting a phenyl salicylate ester bearing an R.sub.1 substituent on the benzene ring of the salicylic acid portion thereof with an R.sub.2 substituted aniline or a heterocyclic amine NH.sub.2 --R.sub.

Abstract: A process of isomerizing branched aldehydes to ketones is provided which comprises contacting at isomerization conditions a branched aldehyde with a zeolite catalyst of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein M is selected from the group consisting of a mixture of alkali metal cations, especially sodium, and tetraalkylammonium cations, the alkyl groups of which preferably contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and x is at least 5. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 20 psig to about 100 psig. The branched aldehyde is contacted in the presence of water in a molar ratio of water-to-aldehyde of up to about 20 to 1.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing alkenoate products in the presence of an ethylaluminum dichloride type catalyst, such as the production of methyl 5-hexenoate by the reaction between propylene and methyl acrylate.

Abstract: A sterically hindered enamine (vinyl amine) is reacted with an alkylene oxide followed by hydrolysis of the reaction product to produce a monohydroxyl alkyl aldehyde wherein the hydroxyl group is on the third carbon atom from the carbonyl group, such as 4-hydroxybutanal. The monohydroxyl alkyl aldehyde may be further hydrogenated to produce the corresponding alkanediol, such as 1,4-butanediol.