Abstract: A core rod is utilized in the process of forming a core in a metal casting. The core rod has a length and opposite ends. The core rod is generally round in cross-section along at least a portion of the length of the core rod proximate at least one of the ends configured for use in forming the core of the metal casting. The core rod is made from a precipitation-hardenable alloy including about 40.0 to 75.0 wt. % Ni, about 0.0 to 25.0 wt. % Co, about 10.0 to 25.0 wt. % Cr, and about 0.0 to 20.0 wt. % Fe. A method for forming a core within a metal casting includes the steps of providing a precipitation-hardenable alloy core rod having a length and opposite ends; packing sand around at least one end of the core rod to form a sand core with core rod; placing the sand core with core rod into a mold; pouring molten metal into the mold and around the sand core with core rod; and producing a metal casting having a core and a uniform sidewall thickness in a range of +/?0.060 inches.

Abstract: A core rod is utilized in the process of forming a core in a metal casting. The core rod has a length and opposite ends. The core rod is generally round in cross-section along at least a portion of the length of the core rod proximate at least one of the ends configured for use in forming the core of the metal casting. The core rod is made from a precipitation-hardenable alloy including about 40.0 to 75.0 wt. % Ni, about 0.0 to 25.0 wt. % Co, about 10.0 to 25.0 wt. % Cr, and about 0.0 to 20.0 wt. % Fe. A method for forming a core within a metal casting includes the steps of providing a precipitation-hardenable alloy core rod having a length and opposite ends; packing sand around at least one end of the core rod to form a sand core with core rod; placing the sand core with core rod into a mold; pouring molten metal into the mold and around the sand core with core rod; and producing a metal casting having a core and a uniform sidewall thickness in a range of +/?0.060 inches.

Abstract: A core rod is utilized in the process of forming a core in a metal casting. The core rod has a length and opposite ends The core rod is generally round in cross-section along at least a portion of the length of the core rod proximate at least one of the ends configured for use in forming the core of the metal casting. The core rod is made from a precipitation-hardenable alloy including about 40.0 to 75.0 wt. % Ni, about 0.0 to 25.0 wt. % Co, about 10.0 to 25.0 wt. % Cr, and about 0.0 to 20.0 wt. % Fe. A method for forming a core within a metal casting includes the steps of providing a precipitation-hardenable alloy core rod having a length and opposite ends; packing sand around at least one end of the core rod to form a sand core with core rod; placing the sand core with core rod into a mold; pouring molten metal into the mold and around the sand core with core rod; and producing a metal casting having a core and a uniform sidewall thickness in a range of +/?0.060 inches.

Abstract: A polymer composition for making products having a controlled lifetime in an outdoor environment before degrading in a controlled way, comprises a hydrocarbon polymer that can biodegrade by an oxidative mechanism, and an antioxidant and a prooxidant that are soluble in the polymer. The antioxidant comprises a zinc, calcium or magnesium complex of a liquid containing one or more sulphur compounds attached to the metal ion, such as complexes of mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, dithiophosphates and dithiocarbamates acid. The proxidant comprises a transition metal compound that is a carboxylate or an oxygen or nitrogen coordinated complex. The polymer compositions are particularly useful for making films, for example for agricultural or outdoor packaging purposes.

Abstract: A polymer composition for making products having a controlled lifetime in an outdoor environment before degrading in a controlled way, comprises a hydrocarbon polymer that can biodegrade by an oxidative mechanism, and an antioxidant and a prooxidant that are soluble in the polymer. The antioxidant comprises a zinc, calcium or magnesium complex of a liquid containing one or more sulphur compounds attached to the metal ion, such as complexes of mercaptobenzothiazoles, mercaptobenzimidazoles, dithiophosphates and dithiocarbamates acid. The proxidant comprises a transition metal compound that is a carboxylate or an oxygen or nitrogen coordinated complex. The polymer compositions are particularly useful for making films, for example for agricultural or outdoor packaging purposes.

Abstract: A core rod is utilized in the process of forming a core in a metal casting. The core rod has a length and opposite ends The core rod is generally round in cross-section along at least a portion of the length of the core rod proximate at least one of the ends configured for use in forming the core of the metal casting. The core rod is made from a precipitation-hardenable alloy including about 40.0 to 75.0 wt. % Ni, about 0.0 to 25.0 wt. % Co, about 10.0 to 25.0 wt. % Cr, and about 0.0 to 20.0 wt. % Fe. A method for forming a core within a metal casting includes the steps of providing a precipitation-hardenable alloy core rod having a length and opposite ends; packing sand around at least one end of the core rod to form a sand core with core rod; placing the sand core with core rod into a mold; pouring molten metal into the mold and around the sand core with core rod; and producing a metal casting having a core and a uniform sidewall thickness in a range of ±0.060 inches.

Abstract: A modified polymer is described comprising a thermoplastic polymer composition comprising a graft copolymer between (1) a preformed thermoplastic polymer and (2) a monomer composition comprising (a) at least one polymerisable monomer containing a polymerisable group and at least one functional polymer-modifying group and (b) at least one comonomer containing at least two polymerisable groups, said copolymer being substantially free of unbound monomer. Such polymers can be produced by reacting together, in a melt and in the presence of free radicals whilst applying shear to the melt, the preformed thermoplastic polymer to be modified, the polymerisable monomer, and the comonomer, thereby to graft said monomer to said preformed polymer leaving substantially no unbound monomer, the reaction being continued for a period of time sufficient to produce a graft copolymer that is thermoplastic and can be blended with an unmodified polymer. A free radical generator can be added, if desired.

Abstract: Polyolefins are stabilized against UV-deterioration by mixing therewith a hindered C-nitro compound having a molecular weight above 500. In a preferred embodiment the hindered C-nitro compound is a nitrated polyolefin. A conventional UV-stabilizer, such as a substituted benzophenone or a hindered piperidine, may be used in combination with the hindered C-nitro compound.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for grafting C-nitro compounds onto preformed polymers. In the method a hindered C-nitro compound containing at least one polymerizable unsaturated group is reacted with a polymer in the presence of free radicals to thereby graft the C-nitro compound onto the polymer. The process has the advantages of being convenient, economical and applicable to conventional polymer processing steps. In a preferred embodiment, polymer stabilizing additives are prepared by the process in the form of masterbatches of polymer containing high concentrations of C-nitro compounds grafted thereon.

Abstract: A process for preparing a bound antioxidant polymer concentrate is described which comprises grafting one or more acrylic or alkylacrylic esters or amides containing a hindered-amine group onto the polymer in the presence of a radical generator at a temperature of 100.degree. to 350.degree. C., the molar ratio of said radical generator to said ester or amide being from 0.001: to 1:1, the reaction being continued for a time such that the melt viscosity of the polymer which increases initially during the reaction has reduced to a level which permits the concentrate to be homogeneously blended subsequently into a unstabilized polymer.

Abstract: Polymer compositions comprising a vinyl polymer and a combination of at least two metal complexes wherein the complexing agent of the first complex is attached to the metal through oxygen and the metal is a transition metal, and the complexing agent of the second complex is attached to the metal through sulphur and the metal is a transition metal or a metal of group II or IV of the periodic table of the elements, wherein the molar ratio of the second metal complex to the first metal complex is 0.5 or less. A film obtained from such polymer compositions and its use agricultural processes are also claimed.

Abstract: Bleach activator, bleach and detergent compositions comprising:(a) a peroxyacid bleach precursor having the general formula IAc--L Iwherein Ac is the acyl moiety of an organic carboxylic acid comprising an optionally substituted, linear or branched C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl or alkenyl moiety or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl-substituted aryl moiety and L is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of which has a pKa in the range from 4 to 13, and(b) an antioxidant.The compositions combine excellent stability, substrate-safety, water-dispersibility, granulometry and detergency performance.

Abstract: A method is provided for preparing a polymer bound stabilizer which comprises reacting a stabilizer precursor molecule containing a reactive double bound which is not readily homopolymerizable with a pre-formed polymer in the presence of a free radical.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polymers are stabilized by mixing therewith, under polymer processing conditions such that nitroxyl radicals are formed, a nitrogen stabilizers therefor, which is (a) a C-nitroso-containing compound (b) an N-nitroso-containing compound, or (c) a nitrone-containing compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to controllably degradable polymer compositions, especially suitable for making film products, comprising a vinyl polymer, and at least one first complex which is a non-ionic organosoluble antioxidant complex of a chain-breaking, peroxide-decomposing, metal ion deactivating or ultraviolet light stabilizing compound and of a metal such that the metal complex is a photoactivator and at least one second complex which is a non-ionic organosoluble ultraviolet light stabilizing complex of a metal such that the metal complex is a photostabilizer, the concentrations of the two complexes being co-ordinated to produce a desired embrittlement time for the composition.The first complex is an iron complex and the second a nickel complex or a cobalt complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to controllably degradable polymer compositions, especially suitable for making film products, comprising a vinyl polymer, and at least one first complex which is a non-ionic organosoluble antioxidant complex of a chain-breaking, peroxide-decomposing, metal ion deactivating or ultraviolet light stabilizing compound and of a metal such that the metal complex is a photoactivator and at least one second complex which is a non-ionic organosoluble ultraviolet light stabilizing complex of a metal such that the metal complex is a photostabilizer, the concentrations of the two complexes being co-ordinated to produce a desired embrittlement time for the composition.The first complex is an iron complex and the second a nickel complex or a cobalt complex.

Abstract: Polymers are rendered more oxidatively stable by reaction with an antioxidant or stabilizer, generally a vinyl-group- or thiol group-containing antioxidant, in the presence of a free radical which may be produced by a redox system or ultra-violet light. The resulting polymers can be used as such or can be used as additives in other polymers to stabilize the latter.

Abstract: Polymers are rendered more oxidatively stable by reaction with an antioxidant or stabilizer, generally a vinyl-group- or thiol group-containing antioxidant, in the presence of a free radical which may be produced by a redox system or ultra-violet light. The resulting polymers can be used as such or can be used as additives in other polymers to stabilize the latter.

Abstract: The invention provides means for controlling the degradation of vinyl polymers by incorporating therein at least one non-ionic organo-soluble complex of a metal having an atomic number from 22 to 29, 40 to 47 or 57 to 79, the complex being activatable by light and optionally heat to give a more photo-oxidatively active form of the said metal, in an amount such as to cause degradation of the polymer at the end of the desired life of the composition.