Abstract: An apparatus and process for defined comminution of polymer gels, wherein the apparatus includes a static cutting element in the form of a cutting screen. The cutting element is optionally supported, and has pretensioned wires, rods, fibers, wovens, stencils or profiles. Optionally, a dynamic cutting element is provided for shortening the gel strands or particles obtained by means of the static cutting unit. Also, a feed unit is provided for feeding the polymer gel to the static cutting element in a clamped-in, shape-stable state. The feeding of the gel is effected batchwise or continuously.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for defined comminution of polymer gels, wherein the apparatus includes a static cutting element in the form of a cutting screen. The cutting element is optionally supported, and has pretensioned wires, rods, fibers, wovens, stencils or profiles. Optionally, a dynamic cutting element is provided for shortening the gel strands or particles obtained by means of the static cutting unit. Also, a feed unit is provided for feeding the polymer gel to the static cutting element in a clamped-in, shape-stable state. The feeding of the gel is effected batchwise or continuously.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for defined comminution of polymer gels, wherein the apparatus includes a static cutting element in the form of a cutting screen. The cutting element is optionally supported, and has pretensioned wires, rods, fibers, wovens, stencils or profiles. Optionally, a dynamic cutting element is provided for shortening the gel strands or particles obtained by means of the static cutting unit. Also, a feed unit is provided for feeding the polymer gel to the static cutting element in a clamped-in, shape-stable state. The feeding of the gel is effected batchwise or continuously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a washing process for cleaning polymers containing N or amine, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, comprising cationic groups containing N, in addition to suitable counterions, whereby the gelled-out polymers are obtained through polymerization and cross-linking by a) adding a base which is partially or fully deprotonated, b) the partially or fully deprotonated polymers are washed, then c) optionally, are reprotonated in an organic solvent or in an organic solvent/water mixture by adding an acid, whereupon d) optionally, they are washed in an organic solvent or an organic solvent/water mixture in order to shrink the gels and optionally, e) in connection with step c) or d), the steps a)-c) or -d) are repeated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a washing process for cleaning polymers containing N or amine, ammonium or spirobicyclic ammonium groups, comprising cationic groups containing N, in addition to suitable counterions, whereby the gelled-out polymers are obtained through polymerisation and cross-linking by a) adding a base which is partially or fully deprotonated, b) the partially or fully deprotonated polymers are washed, then c) optionally, are reprotonated in an organic solvent or in an organic solvent/water mixture by adding an acid, whereupon d) optionally, they are washed in an organic solvent or an organic solvent/water mixture in order to shrink the gels and optionally, e) in connection with step c) or d), the steps a)-c) or -d) are repeated.

Abstract: Apparatus for defined comminution of polymer gels, constructed of

Abstract: Process for the preparation of carboxylic acid succinimidyl esters by reaction of N-hydroxysuccinimide with a carboxylic acid and a halophosphoric acid ester of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are a C.sub.2 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl radical or a phenyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together form a C.sub.6 -aryl radical, in the presence of a base in a diluent at a temperature of 0.degree. C. up to 100.degree. C. and isolation of the corresponding carboxylic acid succinimidyl ester.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxylic acid succinimidyl esters by reaction of N-hydroxysuccinimide with a carboxylic acid and a halophosphoric acid ester of the formula ##STR1## is desired, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are a C.sub.2 - to C.sub.6 -alkyl radical or a phenyl radical, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 The process is carried out in the presence of a base in a diluent at a temperature of 0.degree. C. up to 100.degree. C. with isolation of the corresponding carboxylic acid succinimidyl ester.